控释氮肥优化施用策略可提高水稻产量、氮肥利用效率和抗倒伏能力

doi:10.1016/j.jia.2024.10.007

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

倒伏是制约水稻产量的一个重要因素。如何在避免倒伏的情况下实现水稻产量和氮肥利用效率协同提高一直是世界各国关注的焦点。本研究以籼粳杂交稻甬优2640和常规粳稻金香玉1号为材料，进行了为期两年的田间试验。设置6种不同的氮肥管理处理，即氮空白（T1）、常规尿素（T2）、控释氮肥（T3）、控释肥减氮（T4）、控释氮肥和尿素基肥一次施（T5）、控释氮肥和尿素分期施（T6）。结果表明：与T2相比，控释氮肥配施策略（T5和T6）下氮肥利用效率和产量分别提高4.89 ~ 5.69%和3.41 ~ 4.65%；控释氮肥配施策略能显著提高水稻基部第二节间茎秆中碳水化合物含量、节间折断弯矩、茎秆表皮硅层厚度、大小维管束数量、薄壁组织和机械组织厚度，同时降低了节间长度、弯曲力矩和倒伏指数。上述结果表明，控释氮肥配施策略通过改善茎秆基部第二节间的形态学、力学和理化特征以及解剖学特性，在提高茎秆强度的同时实现了水稻高产高效。

Abstract:

Lodging is a primary factor limiting rice grain yield. How to achieve the synergistic improvement of high yield and nitrogen use efficiency without lodging has always been the focus worldwide. In this study, Yongyou 2640 (indica-japonica hybrid rice) and Jinxiangyu 1 (inbred japonica rice) were used as materials for field experiments across two years. Six different nitrogen managements were set up, including no nitrogen (T1), conventional urea (T2), controlled-release nitrogen (T3), reduction of controlled-release nitrogen (T4), controlled-release nitrogen combined with one-time basal conventional urea (T5), controlled-release nitrogen combined with split conventional urea (T6). The results showed that compared with T2, the combined application strategy of controlled-release nitrogen (T5 and T6) could improve nitrogen use efficiency and grain yield by 4.89–5.69% and 3.41–4.65%, respectively. The carbohydrate contents of the second basal internode, the internode breaking strength, the thickness of the epidermal silicon layer, the number of large and small vascular bundles, and the thickness of parenchymatous tissue and mechanical tissue were increased, whereas the internode length, bending moment and lodging index were reduced under the combined application strategy of controlled-release nitrogen. These results indicated that the combined application strategy of controlled-release nitrogen could achieve the goal of high yield and nitrogen use efficiency with synchronously increased stem strength due to the improvement in the morphological, mechanical, physicochemical and anatomical properties of second basal stem.

Key words: rice (Oryza sativa L.) , nitrogen use efficiency , controlled-release nitrogen , stem , lodging resistance

. 控释氮肥优化施用策略可提高水稻产量、氮肥利用效率和抗倒伏能力[J]. Journal of Integrative Agriculture, DOI: 10.1016/j.jia.2024.10.007.

Hao Wu, Wenjiang Jing, Yajun Zhang, Ying Zhang, Weilu Wang, Kuanyu Zhu, Weiyang Zhang, Junfei Gu, Lijun Liu, Jianhua Zhang, Hao Zhang. Optimized application strategy of controlled-release nitrogen improves grain yield, nitrogen use efficiency and lodging resistance of rice[J]. Journal of Integrative Agriculture, DOI: 10.1016/j.jia.2024.10.007.

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