燕麦和小黑麦青贮的产气特性及减少其气体排放的技术

doi:10.1016/j.jia.2024.09.023

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

青贮过程中的温室气体（GHG）产生不仅会导致青贮饲料的营养损失，还会促进气候变暖。然而，关于青贮过程中温室气体的产生及减少排放的策略信息较少，尤其是氧化亚氮（N₂O）。因此，本研究选用华南地区冬闲田种植的牧草和饲料作物中产气较多的燕麦（Avena sativa）和小黑麦（Triticum × Secale）为实验材料，通过不添加（对照）、添加植物乳杆菌（Lactiplantibacillus plantarum，LP）或3%玉米粉（CM）青贮56天，分析青贮过程中的气体量、温室气体浓度、发酵品质和细菌多样性，探讨青贮过程中的产气特性及减少其气体排放的技术。结果表明燕麦和小黑麦的气体量在青贮前9天迅速增加并达到峰值，且小黑麦青贮饲料的最高气体量是燕麦的两倍。在青贮28天内，小黑麦青贮饲料产生的二氧化碳（CO₂）浓度低于燕麦青贮饲料，甲烷（CH₄）和N₂O浓度高于燕麦青贮饲料。添加LP或CM显著提高了2种饲料作物的青贮发酵品质，减少了气体量，并在56天青贮结束时降低了温室气体浓度（小黑麦的CH₄除外）。在青贮初期，与产气相关的肠杆菌属（Enterobacter）、乳球菌属（Lactococcus）和明串珠菌属（Leuconostoc）细菌较多，添加LP增加了乳杆菌属（Lactobacillus）的相对丰度，降低了与气体量、CO₂和N₂O浓度呈正相关的科萨克氏菌属（Kosakonia）、泛菌属（Pantoea）、肠杆菌属和乳球菌属等细菌的相对丰度。这些结果表明，青贮过程中的气体产生主要发生在前9天，添加LP或CM可以显著提高青贮饲料的发酵品质，减少青贮过程中总气体和温室气体的产生。该研究成果将有利于减少青贮饲料生产中的营养损失和温室气体排放，缓解全球气候变暖，促进草食畜牧业的健康绿色发展

Abstract:

Greenhouse gas (GHG) production during ensiling not only causes the nutrient losses of silage but also promotes climate warming. However, there is little information on the production of GHG and strategies for mitigating GHG emissions during ensiling. This work aimed to study the gas production characteristics and techniques for reducing gas emissions during ensiling. Oats and triticale, with Lactiplantibacillus plantarum (LP) or corn meal (CM) addition, were ensiled. The cumulative gas volume rapidly increased and reached to the peak within the first 9 d of ensiling for both forage crops. The highest cumulative gas volume of triticale silage was twice as much as that of oats silage. Triticale silage produced lower carbon dioxide (CO₂) concentration, higher methane (CH₄) and nitrous oxide (N₂O) concentrations than oats silage within the 28 d of ensiling. Adding LP or CM significantly improved the fermentation quality and decreased the gas volume and GHG concentrations of 2 silages on d 56 (except CH₄ of triticale). At the early stage of ensiling, more Enterobacter, Lactococcus and Leuconostoc related to gas production were observed, and adding LP increased the abundance of Lactobacillus and decreased the abundance of bacteria like Kosakonia, Pantoea, Enterobacter and Lactococcus positively correlated with gas volume, CO₂ and N₂O concentrations. These results suggest that gas formation during ensiling mainly occurs in the first 9 d. Adding LP or CM can significantly improve the fermentation quality and decrease the gas volume. This would benefit to reducing GHG emissions in silage production.

Key words: bacterial community , ensiling , fermentation quality , greenhouse gas , oats , triticale

Jing Tian, Rong Tian, Juanyan Wu, Liying Huang, Jianguo Zhang. 燕麦和小黑麦青贮的产气特性及减少其气体排放的技术[J]. Journal of Integrative Agriculture, 2025, 24(4): 1246-1258.

Jing Tian, Rong Tian, Juanyan Wu, Liying Huang, Jianguo Zhang. Gas production characteristics of oats and tritical silages and techniques for reducing gas emissions[J]. Journal of Integrative Agriculture, 2025, 24(4): 1246-1258.

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