利用土壤线虫作为连作系统中土壤和植物健康的指标：以火龙果为例

doi:10.1016/j.jia.2024.09.014

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

利用连作方式生产的作物会受到植物寄生线虫的严重危害，植物寄生线虫是连作障碍的重要指标。火龙果作为一种典型且重要的多年生经济作物，极易遭受严重的植物寄生线虫侵染；然而，其是否发生连作障碍尚不清楚。在此，我们研究了非连作（Y1）、连作3年(Y3)和连作5年(Y5)下火龙果土壤和根系中的植物寄生线虫(象耳豆根结线虫和矮化属线虫)、土壤线虫群落、线虫代谢足迹、土壤综合肥力和产量，以确定火龙果潜在的连作障碍以及影响火龙果产量的因素。试验表明:Y5的土壤和根系中植物寄生线虫数量最多；产量降低，火龙果生产受到严重胁迫。进一步分析土壤线虫的组成、多样性和生态功能指数发现，连作3年后土壤生态环境恶化，Y5最严重。同样，Y5处理的土壤对模式动物-秀丽隐杆线虫的生长繁殖也有明显的抑制作用。Mantel检验分析和随机森林模型表明，土壤速效磷、土壤交换性钙、土壤线虫丰度和多样性与产量显著相关。偏最小二乘路径模型分析表明，土壤肥力和土壤线虫多样性直接影响连作火龙果的产量。综上所述，集约化种植的火龙果连作5年时发生连作障碍，土壤线虫多样性和土壤肥力决定作物产量。

Abstract:

Crops produced using the practice of continuous cropping can become seriously damaged by plant-parasitic nematodes, an important indicator of continuous cropping obstacles. As a typical and important perennial economic crop, dragon fruit is prone to serious plant-parasitic nematode infestation; however, whether it encounters continuous cropping obstacles remains unclear. Here, we studied plant-parasitic nematodes (Meloidogyne spp. and Tylenchorhynchus sp.) in the soil and roots, soil nematode communities, metabolic footprint, soil integrated fertility, and the yield of intensively planted dragon fruit under non-continuous cropping (Y1) and 3 years (Y3) and 5 years (Y5) of continuous cropping, to determine potential continuous-cropping obstacles and factors that affect the yield of this fruit. The largest numbers of plant-parasitic nematodes in the soil and roots were observed in Y5; the associated yield was reduced, and the dragon fruit was severely stressed. Further analysis of the composition, diversity, and ecological function indices of soil nematodes showed that the soil ecological environment deteriorated after 3 years of continuous cropping, with Y5 having the worst results. Similarly, the soil at Y5 had a significant inhibitory effect on the growth and reproduction of Caenorhabditis elegans. Mantel test analysis and a random forest model showed that soil available phosphorus, soil exchange calcium, and soil nematode abundance and diversity were related significantly to yield. Partial least squares path modeling revealed that soil fertility and soil nematode diversity directly impacts the yield of continuously cropped dragon fruit. In summary, continuous cropping obstacles occurred in Y5 of intensive dragon fruit cultivation, with soil nematode diversity and soil fertility determining the crop’s yield.

Key words: Caenorhabditis elegans , continuous cropping obstacle , dragon fruit , plant-parasitic nematodes , soil integrated fertility , soil nematode community

Zhechao Dou, Jing Ma, Kunguang Wang, Qiaofang Lu, Zhiguang Chi, Dongming Cui, Chang Pan, Zhuchi He, Yuanmei Zuo. 利用土壤线虫作为连作系统中土壤和植物健康的指标：以火龙果为例[J]. Journal of Integrative Agriculture, 2025, 24(5): 1987-2001.

Zhechao Dou, Jing Ma, Kunguang Wang, Qiaofang Lu, Zhiguang Chi, Dongming Cui, Chang Pan, Zhuchi He, Yuanmei Zuo. Use of soil nematodes as indicators of soil and plant health in continuous cropping systems: A case study in dragon fruit[J]. Journal of Integrative Agriculture, 2025, 24(5): 1987-2001.

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