Journal of Integrative Agriculture ›› 2026, Vol. 25 ›› Issue (1): 1-15.DOI: 10.1016/j.jia.2024.09.003

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作物中的非生物胁迫响应：一种多尺度方法

  

  • 收稿日期:2024-04-09 修回日期:2024-09-11 接受日期:2024-07-02 出版日期:2026-01-20 发布日期:2025-12-05

Abiotic stress responses in crop plants: A multi-scale approach

Yanqing Wu1, Jiao Liu1, Lu Zhao2, Hao Wu1, Yiming Zhu1, Irshad Ahmad1, 2#, Guisheng Zhou1, 2#   

  1. 1 Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety, Ministry of Education/Institute of Agricultural Science and Technology Development, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China

    2 College for Overseas Education, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225000, China

  • Received:2024-04-09 Revised:2024-09-11 Accepted:2024-07-02 Online:2026-01-20 Published:2025-12-05
  • About author:Yanqing Wu, E-mail: yqwu@yzu.edu.cn; #Correspondence Irshad Ahmad, E-mail: irshadgadoon737@yahoo.com; Guisheng Zhou, E-mail: gszhou@yzu.edu.cn
  • Supported by:

    The research was financially supported by the National Key R&D Program of China (2022YFE0113400), the Jiangsu Provincial Fund for Realizing Carbon Emission Peaking and Neutralization, China (BE2022305), the National Natural Science Fundation of China (32102411), and the Project funded by China Postdoctoral Science Foundation (2022M722698).   

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摘要：

人口压力促使全球各国思考如何在各种环境挑战下增加、保护和开发最佳植物物种，以确保生产力。除了气候变化，自然波动和人类活动的变化也导致了严重的环境退化，通过环境中的物理压力威胁全球粮食安全。全球农业产量面临的主要环境限制因素包括盐胁迫、水分缺乏胁迫、营养失衡（包括矿物毒性和缺乏）以及温度极端。非生物因素，如农业因素、气候因素和土壤养分可利用性，显著影响作物产量。植物为生存启动并发展多种可能的胁迫机制，这些机制可以是分子、细胞或生理层面的。非生物胁迫对作物的生长和生产力产生显著影响，无论是单一形式还是组合形式。例如，干旱胁迫会导致叶面积、株高和作物发育的减少；冷胁迫则降低植物的发育和作物的效率，导致生产力损失。盐胁迫不仅会导致植物的水分胁迫，还会对胞质代谢、细胞发育、膜功能产生不利影响，并增加活性氧（ROS）的生成。较高浓度的二氧化碳可能改善全球降水模式，导致降雨量增加，这可能对作物发育产生负面影响。在过度水分胁迫下，作物的直链淀粉含量较低，但粗蛋白质含量较高。这反过来会通过阻碍种子萌发和因高渗透势与离子毒性的共同作用造成生长损伤，从而影响作物生产的质量和数量。为应对非生物胁迫，植物进化出多种逃避-回避和耐受机制，包括生理适应和整合的细胞或分子反应。因此，本综述论文的主要目的是研究非生物胁迫对各种作物的形态生理、生化和分子活动的影响。此外，我们重点关注作物与非生物胁迫之间的相互关系，以便作物能够应对并适应这些胁迫以实现生存，这为未来物种选择或新耐受物种的开发提供了基本的路线图。

Abstract:

Global population pressures have necessitated increased focus on protecting and developing resilient plant species that can maintain productivity despite environmental challenges.  Environmental degradation, driven by climate change and anthropogenic activities, poses significant threats to global food security through various forms of physical stress.  Major environmental constraints affecting agricultural yields worldwide include salinity, water scarcity, nutritional imbalances (encompassing mineral toxicity and deficiencies), and extreme temperatures.  Crop yield is influenced by multiple abiotic factors, including agronomic conditions, climatic variables, and soil nutrient availability.  Plants develop various survival mechanisms at molecular, cellular, and physiological levels in response to stress.  Abiotic stress, whether occurring individually or in combination, significantly impacts crop growth and productivity.  For instance, drought stress reduces leaf area, plant height, and overall crop development.  Cold stress inhibits plant development and crop efficiency, leading to diminished productivity.  Salinity stress not only induces water stress in plants but also negatively affects cytosolic metabolism, cell development, membrane function, and increases reactive oxygen species (ROS) production.  Elevated CO2 concentrations may enhance global precipitation patterns, potentially resulting in increased rainfall that can adversely affect crop development.  Plants under excessive water stress exhibit reduced amylose content but increased crude protein levels.  This affects both quality and quantity of crop production by inhibiting seed germination and causing growth impairment through combined effects of elevated osmotic potential and ion toxicity.  Plants have evolved various escape-avoidance and tolerance mechanisms in response to abiotic stress, including physiological adaptations and integrated cellular or molecular responses.  This review paper examines the impact of abiotic stress on morpho-physiological, biochemical, and molecular activities across various crops.  Additionally, it analyzes crop interactions with abiotic stress regarding response and adaptation mechanisms, providing a fundamental framework for species selection and development of stress-tolerant varieties in the future.

Key words: morpho-physiological , abiotic stress ,  biochemical ,  molecular ,  crop productivity ,  salinity ,  drought ,  temperature stress ,  heavy metal ,  pant toxicity