中国中部地区农村劳动力流动与农户水稻种植制度安排：
基于家庭代际分工视角

doi:10.1016/j.jia.2024.07.042

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

水稻生产对于保障中国的粮食安全至关重要。在中国城镇化进程不断加快背景下，农村劳动力流动对农户水稻种植制度安排的影响受到广泛关注。近年来，中国农村劳动力流动呈现出新的形式，即家庭成年子女进城务工并努力市民化、父代劳动力则返乡务农。这种农村劳动力流动的现象形成了家庭代际劳动分工模式。然而，农民如何调整其水稻种植制度以响应家庭代际分工尚不清晰。本文基于农民购买工伤保险的年龄限制（60岁），即农户非农就业的资格门槛作为家庭代际分工的外生冲击，进而结合模糊断点回归模型和中国中部地区湖北省1752位水稻种植户调查数据展开实证分析。研究结果显示，代际分工家庭更加倾向于选择再生稻种植制度，而对单季稻和双季稻种植制度缺乏偏好。在不同的经营规模和农业社会化服务可得性情景下，家庭代际分工对农户水稻种植制度安排的影响存在异质性。进一步分析表明，代际分工主要通过代际转移，即代际经济转移和隔代照料渠道作用于农户水稻种植制度安排。一方面，父代劳动力通过经济转移以减轻子代劳动力市民化所面临的住房购置压力，这会对促使从事农业的父代劳动力更倾向于选择种植再生稻，以最大化水稻种植的经济收益。另一方面，父代劳动力通过隔代照料的时间转移方式，为子代劳动力增加工作时间创造条件以加速其市民化进程，由此会促使代际分工家庭选择相对节省劳动力的单季稻。本文拓展了中国农村劳动力流动与水稻种植制度关系的研究视角，并为优化水稻种植制度以保障粮食安全提供政策参考。

Abstract:

Rice production is crucial for food security in China, and its relationship with rural labor migration has been studied extensively. Labor migration in rural China has taken new forms in recent years. There has been a discernible trend wherein adult children have started migrating to cities while their elderly parents return to villages to re-engage in on-farm work. The phenomenon has notably shaped the intergenerational division of labor (IDL) within households. However, it remains to be seen how farmers adjust their rice production systems in response to the IDL. The age of 60 years for employment injury insurance is the eligibility threshold for off-farm employment and is used to obtain a source of exogenous variation in the IDL. Based on a representative household survey of 1,752 rice farmers in the Hubei Province of Central China, our fuzzy regression discontinuity analysis reveals that farmers in IDL households are more likely to adopt ratoon rice (RR) than single cropping rice (SR) or double cropping rice (DR). The effect of the IDL varies under different levels of operational scales and specialized agricultural service availability. Further analysis suggests that farmers’ arrangements are associated with two potential mechanisms of downward intergenerational transfer. Monetary transfer for urban housing purchases increases RR in IDL households, and time transfer for intergenerational childcare significantly promotes SR in IDL households. This study enhances the understanding of the relationship between rural labor migration and rice production in China, providing a reference for adjusting rice production systems to ensure food security.

Key words: labor migration , intergenerational division of labor , rice production systems , fuzzy regression discontinuity , Central China

Xue Shen, Quanyu Yang, Rongjun Ao, Shengsheng Gong. 中国中部地区农村劳动力流动与农户水稻种植制度安排：基于家庭代际分工视角[J]. Journal of Integrative Agriculture, 2024, 23(9): 3200-3214.

Xue Shen, Quanyu Yang, Rongjun Ao, Shengsheng Gong. Rural labor migration and farmers’ arrangements of rice production systems in Central China: Insight from the intergenerational division of labor[J]. Journal of Integrative Agriculture, 2024, 23(9): 3200-3214.

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