Journal of Integrative Agriculture ›› 2025, Vol. 24 ›› Issue (1): 1-22.DOI: 10.1016/j.jia.2024.04.013

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间作延缓作物根系与冠层衰老的生理生态特性及农艺调控途径研究进展

  

  • 收稿日期:2024-01-22 接受日期:2024-03-15 出版日期:2025-01-20 发布日期:2025-01-06

Review on physiological and ecological characteristics and agronomic regulatory pathways of intercropping to delay root and canopy senescence of crops

Wen Yin1, 2, Qiang Chai1, 2#, Zhilong Fan1, 2, Falong Hu1, 2, Lianhao Zhao1, Hong Fan1, Wei He1, Cai Zhao1, 2, Aizhong Yu1, 2, Yali Sun1, Feng Wang1, 2   

  1. 1 State Key Laboratory of Aridland Crop Science, Lanzhou 730070, China

    2 College of Agronomy, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730070, China

  • Received:2024-01-22 Accepted:2024-03-15 Online:2025-01-20 Published:2025-01-06
  • About author:#Correspondence Qiang Chai, Tel: +86-931-7631145, E-mail: chaiq@gsau.edu.cn
  • Supported by:
    This work was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (32101857 and U21A20218), the China Agricultural University Corresponding Support Research Joint Fund (GSAU-DKZY-2024-001), the Science and Technology Program in Gansu Province, China (24ZDNA008 and 23JRRA1407), and the Fuxi Young Talents Fund of Gansu Agricultural University, China (Gaufx-03Y10).

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摘要：

间作因高产、稳产及资源高效利用等优点广泛应用于干旱半干旱地区。然而，近年来，传统间作高产主要归功于水肥、地膜、机械动力等人工购买性资源的大量投入，导致耕地质量逐年下降而使间作作物根系与冠层早衰现象愈发严重。因此，传统间作在作物生产中的应用面临着重大挑战。本文详细阐述了作物衰老的表现、发生机制和农艺调控途径，综述了间作延缓作物根系与冠层衰老的生理生态特性。间作延缓作物根系与冠层衰老的主要农艺调控途径主要是基于地上和地下的相互作用，包括作物品种搭配、空间布局、水肥管理和耕作覆盖措施。未来间作延缓作物根系与冠层衰老的重点领域包括：(1)适宜于间作模式的特定作物品种选育；(2)结合分子生物学技术解析间作延缓作物根系与冠层衰老的光合生理与分子机制；(3)间作根系与冠层衰老过程预测与评价模型的开发与应用。本文对不同研究成果进行综合分析和评价，可为采用创新技术调控间作生理生态特性，促进间作延缓作物根系与冠层衰老提供理论与技术依据。集成不同尺度研究成果，将为人多地少、光热资源丰富的干旱半干旱地区建立高产、高效、可持续间作模式及配套技术体系提供理论支撑，对资源性缺水生态区间作发展具有重要指导意义。

Abstract:

Intercropping has been widely used in arid and semi-arid regions because of its high yield, stable productivity, and efficient utilization of resources.  However, in recent years, the high yield of traditional intercropping is mainly attributed to the large amount of purchased resources such as water and fertilizer, plastic film, and mechanical power.  These lead to a decline in cultivated land quality and exacerbate intercrops’ premature root and canopy senescence.  So, the application of traditional intercropping faces major challenges in crop production.  This paper analyzes the manifestations, occurrence mechanisms, and agronomic regulatory pathways of crop senescence.  The physiological and ecological characteristics of intercropping to delay root and canopy senescence of crops are reviewed in this paper.  The main agronomic regulatory pathways of intercropping to delay root and canopy senescence of crops are based on above- and blow-ground interactions, including collocation of crop varieties, spatial arrangement, water and fertilizer management, and tillage and mulch practices.  Future research fields of intercropping to delay root and canopy senescence should focus on the aspects of selecting and breeding special varieties, application of molecular biology techniques, and developing or applying models to predict and evaluate the root and canopy senescence process of intercrops.  Comprehensive analysis and evaluation of different research results could provide a basis for enhancing intercropping delay root and canopy senescence through adopting innovative technologies for regulating the physio-ecological characteristics of intercrops.  This would support developing and adopting high-yield, efficient, and sustainable intercropping systems in arid and semi-arid areas with high population density, limited land, and abundant light and heat resources.

Key words: intercropping , root and canopy senescence ,  photosynthetic physiology ,  ecological adaptability ,  regulatory pathway