优化播期增加太阳辐射缓解玉米倒伏和产量变异

doi:10.1016/j.jia.2024.03.078

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 优化播期（SDs）是调整玉米生产以适应气候变化和提高产量的潜在策略。然而，目前关于倒伏、产量与气候因子变化相关的研究鲜见报道。因此，本研究旨在探讨不同播期下玉米生长季重要气候变量的变化规律和分布，及其对产量和倒伏的影响，以及玉米生长期影响倒伏的关键气候因素。本研究通过为期5年（2015年、2016年、2019年、2020年、2021年）的大田试验，评估不同播期条件下气候因子对四川盆地产量和倒伏的影响。结果表明，延迟播期倒伏率对玉米产量变异系数（3.31~10.50%）有显著影响。倒伏率每增加1%，产量降低58.05 kg hm^-1。拖迟播期降低了苗期至吐丝期的太阳辐射（Sr），太阳辐射变化解释了34.7%的倒伏率变异。历史气象资料分析表明，1990-2021年太阳辐射年际变化幅度为-8.7763 MJ m^-2 yr^-1，其中5月下旬至7月上旬的降低幅度尤为明显。VPA分析表明，出苗期到生理成熟期和苗期至吐丝期的气候变量对不同SDs下产量的贡献率分别为43.9%和53.2%，对倒伏率的贡献率分别为56.0和45.4%。RF分析表明，SDs的变化主要影响基部节间形态的建成从而增加倒伏率的发生，并解释了69.79%的倒伏变异。本研究阐明获得高产和稳产的最佳播种日期为3月下旬至4月中旬，这归因于苗期至吐丝期较高的太阳辐射。综上所述，研究结果不仅为了解气候变化对玉米茎秆倒伏的影响提供重要见解，还为调整播期缓解玉米倒伏提供栽培理论依据。

Abstract: Optimizing sowing dates (SDs) is a potential strategy for adjusting maize production to climate change and increasing yield. However, there is still a lack of research on the combined effects of lodging and yield in relation to climatic variables across various SDs. This study aims to investigate the changing patterns and distribution of important climatic variables during the maize growth season, their impact on yield and lodging, and the critical factors affecting lodging at crucial growth stages under different SD scenarios. In this study, we assessed the impact of climate change on yield and lodging by conducting field experiments over 5 years (2015, 2016, 2019–2021) encompassing 25 SDs in the Sichuan basin, China. Results demonstrated that the lodging rate had a significant effect on the coefficient of variation (CV, 3.31–10.50%) of maize yield. A 1% increase in lodging rate, led to a decrease of 58.05 kg ha^-1 in yield. Changes in SDs notably affected solar radiation (Sr) from emergence to silking (E-R1). Additionally, the study found that Sr explained 34.7% of the lodging rate variation in E-R1. Analysis of historical meteorological data showed notable inter-annual variations in Sr trends, with a decline of -8.7763 MJ m^-2 yr^-1 from 1990 to 2021, especially noticeable from late May to early July. Variation Partitioning Analysis (VPA) revealed that climatic variables during the period from emergence to physiological maturity (E-R6) and E-R1 explained 43.9 and 53.2% of yield, respectively, across different SDs. These variables also contributed 56.0 and 45.4% to lodging. Using Random Forest (RF) determined that changes in SDs significantly impacted lodging rates mainly through modifications in basal internode morphology, which explained 69.79% of the variation. The study identified optimal sowing dates for achieving high and consistent yields, primarily occurring between late March and mid-April, attributed to increased Sr during E-R1. Overall, this research provides valuable insights into the effects of climate change on stalk lodging and offers guidance on adjusting sowing dates to mitigate maize lodging rates.

Key words: sowing date , climatic variables , , stalk lodging , , maize yield

. 优化播期增加太阳辐射缓解玉米倒伏和产量变异[J]. Journal of Integrative Agriculture, DOI: 10.1016/j.jia.2024.03.078.

Xinglong Wang, Fan Liu, Nan Zhao, Xia Du, Pijiang Yin, Tongliang Li, Tianqiong Lan, Dongju Feng, Fanlei Kong, Jichao Yuan. Optimizing sowing dates increase solar radiation to mitigate maize lodging and yield variability: A five-year field study[J]. Journal of Integrative Agriculture, DOI: 10.1016/j.jia.2024.03.078.

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