Journal of Integrative Agriculture ›› 2025, Vol. 24 ›› Issue (12): 4461-4483.DOI: 10.1016/j.jia.2024.03.005

• •    下一篇

改善肌内脂肪沉积:提高猪肉品质的关键

  

  • 收稿日期:2023-09-04 修回日期:2024-03-02 接受日期:2024-01-21 出版日期:2025-12-20 发布日期:2025-11-13

Intramuscular fat deposition in pig: A key target for improving pork quality

Qi Han1, Xingguo Huang1, Jun He1#, Yiming Zeng2, Jie Yin1#, Yulong Yin1, 3   

  1. 1 College of Animal Science and Technology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China

    2 Hunan Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine, Changsha 410131, China

    3 Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha 410125, China

  • Received:2023-09-04 Revised:2024-03-02 Accepted:2024-01-21 Online:2025-12-20 Published:2025-11-13
  • About author:Qi Han, E-mail: 18404985053@163.com; #Correspondence Jie Yin, E-mail: yinjie2014@126.com; Jun He, E-mail: hejun@hunan.edu.cn

摘要:

肌内脂肪(IMF)是衡量猪肉品质的一个重要经济性状,它可以影响肉的风味、多汁性和嫩度。因此,提高IMF含量已成为近年来动物科学领域研究的热点之一。众所周知,IMF沉积主要由受脂肪生成和脂解的平衡调节。在本文中,我们确实发现大多数IMF相关基因在脂质代谢过程中显著富集,包括脂肪酸转运和摄取、脂肪酸β氧化、脂质合成、脂质储存和脂解。另外还发现PPAR和AMPK信号通路与IMF沉积密切相关。同时遗传和非遗传因素(如饮食、肠道微生物群、年龄、性别、管理)对猪的IMF含量也存在着正向或反向调节。IMF性状是一种由多种基因调控的复杂性状。因此,我们应该选择IMF沉积较高的亲本动物(如中国本土品种),以促进有利遗传性状向后代的传递。另外,合理的营养策略对于促进猪IMF沉积而不损害生长性能至关重要。鉴于肠道微生物群对脂质代谢有很大贡献,但是改善IMF沉积的特定益生菌需要进一步筛选,其潜在机制仍有待充分阐明。近年来,随着高通量测序技术的发展,包括转录组、蛋白质组、表观基因组学、代谢组学和脂肪组学在内的组学以及这些组学技术的整合已成为分析农场动物IMF等农业复杂性状分子机制的极其有效的工具和手段。因此,这些多组学技术可用于育种计划,同时优化饲料配方和实施良好的饲养管理,从遗传和营养角度提高IMF沉积。总之,这篇综述加深了我们对影响猪IMF沉积的遗传因素和非遗传因素的了解,并为适度改善IMF含量提供了有价值的信息。

Abstract:

Intramuscular fat (IMF) is an important economic trait for pork quality, affecting meat flavour, juiciness, and tenderness.  Hence, the improvement of IMF content is one of the hotspots of animal science to provide better meat product.  Here, we found that most IMF-related genes are enriched in lipid metabolism processes, including fatty acid transport and uptake, fatty acid beta oxidation, lipid synthesis, lipid storage, and lipolysis.  PPAR and AMPK signalling pathways are identified to be responsible for IMF deposition.  Genetics and nongenetic factors (i.e., diets, gut microbiota, age, sex and management) also positively or negatively regulate the IMF content in pigs.  Taken together, this review deepens our understanding of how these factors affect pig IMF deposition and provides valuable information for moderately increasing IMF content.

Key words: pig , intramuscular fat ,  fatty acid metabolism ,  genetic factors ,  nongenetic factors