生长素原初响应基因MdGH3-2/12的沉默降低了苹果对腐皮镰孢菌的抗性

doi:10.1016/j.jia.2024.03.003

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

苹果再植病（ARD）严重降低了苹果产业的产量和质量。腐皮镰孢菌（F. solani）已被报道为引起ARD的主要病原微生物之一。生长素（吲哚-3-乙酸，IAA）作为一种内源性植物激素，几乎参与了植物所有生长发育过程，并在植物对病原体的免疫中发挥作用。Gretchen Hagen3（GH3）是早期/初级生长素响应基因之一。本研究的目的是通过用腐皮镰孢菌处理MdGH3-2/12 RNAi植株来评估MdGH3-2和MdGH3-12在腐皮镰孢菌防御反应中的作用。结果表明，在腐皮镰孢菌侵染下，MdGH3-2/12 RNAi抑制了植株生物量的积累，加重了根系损伤。接种腐皮镰孢菌后，MdGH3-2/12 RNAi抑制了酰胺合成酶的生物合成。这导致游离IAA与氨基酸结合受到抑制，最终导致过量的游离IAA积累。过量的游离IAA改变了植物组织结构，加速了真菌菌丝的入侵，降低了抗氧化酶（SOD、POD和CAT）的活性，增加了活性氧（ROS）水平，降低了总叶绿素含量和光合能力，同时调节了PR1、PR4、PR5和PR8等相关抗病基因的表达。此外还改变了植物激素和氨基酸的含量，最终降低了苹果植株对腐皮镰孢菌的抗性。总之，这些结果表明MdGH3-2和MdGH3-12在ARD中对腐皮镰孢菌的抗性起着重要作用。

Abstract:

Apple replant disease (ARD) has led to severe yield and quality reduction in the apple industry. Fusarium solani (F. solani) has been identified as one of the main microbial pathogens responsible for ARD. Auxin (indole-3-acetic acid, IAA), an endogenous hormone in plants, is involved in almost all plant growth and development processes and plays a role in plant immunity against pathogens. Gretchen Hagen3 (GH3) is one of the early/primary auxin response genes. The aim of this study was to evaluate the function of MdGH3-2 and MdGH3-12 in the defense response of F. solani by treating MdGH3-2/12 RNAi plants with F. solani. The results show that under F. solani infection, RNAi of MdGH3-2/12 inhibited plant biomass accumulation and exacerbated root damage. After inoculation with F. solani, MdGH3-2/12 RNAi inhibited the biosynthesis of acid-amido synthetase. This led to the inhibition of free IAA combining with amino acids, resulting in excessive free IAA accumulation. This excessive free IAA altered plant tissue structure, accelerated fungal hyphal invasion, reduced the activity of antioxidant enzymes (SOD, POD and CAT), increased the reactive oxygen species (ROS) level, and reduced total chlorophyll content and photosynthetic ability, while regulating the expression of PR-related genes including PR1, PR4, PR5 and PR8. It also changed the contents of plant hormones and amino acids, and ultimately reduced the resistance to F. solani. In conclusion, these results demonstrate that MdGH3-2 and MdGH3-12 play an important role in apple tolerance to F. solani and ARD.

Key words: Fusarium solani , early auxin responsive gene , apple replant disease , plant hormone , antioxidant

Qianwei Liu, Shuo Xu, Lu Jin, Xi Yu, Chao Yang, Xiaomin Liu, Zhijun Zhang, Yusong Liu, Chao Li, Fengwang Ma.

生长素原初响应基因MdGH3-2/12的沉默降低了苹果对腐皮镰孢菌的抗性 [J]. Journal of Integrative Agriculture, 2024, 23(9): 3012-3024.

Qianwei Liu, Shuo Xu, Lu Jin, Xi Yu, Chao Yang, Xiaomin Liu, Zhijun Zhang, Yusong Liu, Chao Li, Fengwang Ma. Silencing of early auxin responsive genes MdGH3-2/12 reduces the resistance to Fusarium solani in apple[J]. Journal of Integrative Agriculture, 2024, 23(9): 3012-3024.

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