Journal of Integrative Agriculture ›› 2024, Vol. 23 ›› Issue (6): 2083-2098.DOI: 10.1016/j.jia.2024.02.017

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长期猪粪/秸秆替代化肥对设施蔬菜土壤氮形态及微生物特性的影响

  

  • 收稿日期:2023-10-09 接受日期:2024-01-15 出版日期:2024-06-20 发布日期:2024-05-30

Effects of long-term partial substitution of inorganic fertilizer with pig manure and/or straw on nitrogen fractions and microbiological properties in greenhouse vegetable soils

Shuo Yuan1, Ruonan Li2, Yinjie Zhang3, Hao'an Luan4, Jiwei Tang1, Liying Wang2, Hongjie Ji1#, Shaowen Huang1#   

  1. 1 State Key Laboratory of Efficient Utilization of Arid and Semi-arid Arable Land in Northern China/Institute of Agricultural Resources and Regional Planning, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China

    2 Institute of Agricultural Resources and Environment, Hebei Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Shijiazhuang 050051, China

    3 College of Resources and Environment, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450002, China

    4 College of Forestry, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding 071000, China

  • Received:2023-10-09 Accepted:2024-01-15 Online:2024-06-20 Published:2024-05-30
  • About author:Shuo Yuan, E-mail: yuanshuoxx@163.com; #Correspondence Shaowen Huang, Tel: +86-10-82108662, E-mail: huangshaowen@ caas.cn; Hongjie Ji, Tel: +86-10-82108685, E-mail: jihongjie@caas.cn
  • Supported by:
    This study was supported by the earmarked fund for China Agriculture Research System (CARS-23-B04), the National Key Research and Development Program of China (2016YFD0201001), and HAAFS Science and Technology Innovation Special Project, China (2022KJCXZX-ZHS-2).

摘要: 有机肥/有机物料替代化肥是一种重要的农业管理措施。本文通过11年(22季)的田间试验,分析不同有机替代模式对设施蔬菜土壤氮形态转化的影响。选取长期定位试验等氮投入的4处理:1)全部施用化肥氮(CN);250%化肥氮+50%猪粪氮(CPN350%化肥氮+25%猪粪氮+25%秸秆氮(CPSN);450%化肥氮+50%秸秆氮(CSN)。结果表明,在长期试验开始时,各模式产量之间没有显著差异,CPSN 模式从第4年开始呈现稳定增产趋势CPN模式从第10年开始出现稳定增产趋势,而CSN模式在11年试验期间的增产趋势不稳定。经过11年的施肥,与CN模式相比,有机替代显著增加土壤中的无机氮和酸解态氮(AHN)含量,增幅分别为43.6-66.1%73.3-92.5%。冗余分析表明土壤有机碳(OC)和C/N显著正影响土壤氮形态分布。CPSN模式土壤NO3--N、酸解铵态氮(AHAN)、氨基酸态氮(AAN)、酸解未知态氮(AHUN)含量均是最高。与CN模式相比,有机替代模式显著提高土壤β-葡萄苷酶、β-纤维二糖苷酶、乙酰氨基葡萄糖苷酶、亮氨酸氨基肽酶和磷酸酶活性,并缓解了微生物CN养分限制。与CN模式相比,有机替代模式土壤PLFA总量增幅为109.9-205.3%;并提高革兰氏阳性菌和放线菌相对丰度,降低革兰氏阴性菌和丛枝菌根真菌相对丰度。总体而言,长期的有机替代提高了土壤OC含量和C/N,土壤OC和C/N显著正影响土壤微生物量,土壤OC和C/N和土壤微生物量显著正影响胞外酶活性,而土壤微生物量与胞外酶活性共同显著正影响AHN组分的含量,显著负影响NAHN含量,进而增加了土壤N固存和供应能力,从而提高了蔬菜产量。化肥、粪肥和秸秆配施(CPSN)是更有利于设施蔬菜可持续和高效生产的施肥模式。

Abstract:

Partial substitution of inorganic fertilizers with organic amendments is an important agricultural management practice.  An 11-year field experiment (22 cropping periods) was carried out to analyze the impacts of different partial substitution treatments on crop yields and the transformation of nitrogen fractions in greenhouse vegetable soil.  Four treatments with equal N, P2O5, and K2O inputs were selected, including complete inorganic fertilizer N (CN), 50% inorganic fertilizer N plus 50% pig manure N (CPN), 50% inorganic fertilizer N plus 25% pig manure N and 25% corn straw N (CPSN), and 50% inorganic fertilizer N plus 50% corn straw N (CSN).  Organic substitution treatments tended to increase crop yields since the 6th cropping period compared to the CN treatment.  From the 8th to the 22nd cropping periods, the highest yields were observed in the CPSN treatment where yields were 7.5–11.1% greater than in CN treatment.  After 11-year fertilization, compared to CN, organic substitution treatments significantly increased the concentrations of NO3-N, NH4+-N, acid hydrolysis ammonium-N (AHAN), amino acid-N (AAN), amino sugar-N (ASN), and acid hydrolysis unknown-N (AHUN) in soil by 45.0–69.4, 32.8–58.1, 49.3–66.6, 62.0–69.5, 34.5–100.3, and 109.2–172.9%, respectively.  Redundancy analysis indicated that soil C/N and OC concentration significantly affected the distribution of N fractions.  The highest concentrations of NO3-N, AHAN, AAN, AHUN were found in the CPSN treatment.  Organic substitution treatments increased the activities of β-glucosidase, β-cellobiosidase, N-acetyl-glucosamidase, L-aminopeptidase, and phosphatase in the soil.  Organic substitution treatments reduced vector length and increased vector angle, indicating alleviation of constraints of C and N on soil microorganisms.  Organic substitution treatments increased the total concentrations of phospholipid fatty acids (PLFAs) in the soil by 109.9–205.3%, and increased the relative abundance of G+ bacteria and fungi taxa, but decreased the relative abundance of G bacteria, total bacteria, and actinomycetes.  Overall, long-term organic substitution management increased soil OC concentration, C/N, and the microbial population, the latter in turn positively influenced soil enzyme activity.  Enhanced microorganism numbers and enzyme activity enhanced soil N sequestration by transforming inorganic N to acid hydrolysis-N (AHN), and enhanced soil N supply capacity by activating non-acid hydrolysis-N (NAHN) to AHN, thus improving vegetable yield.  Application of inorganic fertilizer, manure, and straw was a more effective fertilization model for achieving sustainable greenhouse vegetable production than application of inorganic fertilizer alone.

Key words: organic substitution management , greenhouse vegetable production ,  N fractions ,  microbial community composition ,   extracellular enzyme activity ,  enzyme stoichiometry coefficients