Acemoglu D. 2002. Directed technical change. Review of Economic Studies, 69, 781–809.

Acemoglu D. 2003. Labor- and capital-augmenting technical change. Journal of the European Economic Association, 1, 1–37.

Adamopoulos T, Restuccia D. 2014. The size distribution of farms and international productivity differences. American Economic Review, 104, 1667–1697.

Adamopoulos T, Restuccia D. 2020. Land reform and productivity: A quantitative analysis with micro data. American Economic Journal: Macroeconomics, 12, 1–39.

Alain B D D J, Elisabeth S, Robert T, Irina K. 2008. World Development Report 2008: Agriculture for Development. World Development Report. World Bank Group, Washington, DC.

D’Alessandro S. 2011. Modernization, weather variability, and vulnerability to famine. Oxford Economic Papers (New Series), 63, 625–647.

Anderson K. 2009. Distortions to Agricultural Incentives: A Global Perspective, 1955–2007. The World Bank, London: Palgrave Macmillan and Washington, DC. 359–387.

Anderson K, Martin W. 2009. China and Southeast Asia. In: Anderson K, ed., Distortions to Agricultural Incentives: A Global Perspective, 1955–2007. The International Bank for Reconstruction and Development. The World Bank, Washington, DC. pp. 359–387.

Barbier E B. 2020. Is green rural transformation possible in developing countries? World Development, 131, 12.

Barrett C B, Christiaensen L, Sheahan M, Shimeles A. 2017. On the structural transformation of rural Africa. Journal of African Economies, 26, 11–35.

Bartelsman E, Haltiwanger J, Scarpetta S. 2013. Cross-country differences in productivity: The role of allocation and selection. American Economic Review, 103, 305–334.

Bell S, Morse S. 2008. Sustainability Indicators: Measuring the Immeasurable? Routledge and Earthscan Publications, the US.

Benfica R, Henderson H. 2021. The effect of the sectoral composition of economic growth on rural and urban poverty. Review of Income and Wealth, 67, 248–284.

Berdegué J A, Rosada T, Bebbington A J. 2013. Rural transformation. In: Currie-Alder B, Kanbur R, Malone D, Medhora R, eds., International Development: Ideas, Experience and Prospects. Oxford University Press, England. pp. 463–478.

Beynon M J, Crawley A, Munday M. 2016. Measuring and understanding the differences between urban and rural areas. Environment and Planning (B: Planning and Design), 43, 1136–1154.

Blanc G, Wacziarg R. 2020. Change and persistence in the Age of Modernization: Saint-Germain-d’Anxure, 1730–1895. Explorations in Economic History, 78, 23.

Blunden J R, Pryce W T R, Dreyer P. 1998. The classification of rural areas in the European context: An exploration of a typology using neural network applications. Regional Studies, 32, 149–160.

Borras S M. 2007. ‘Free market’, export-led development strategy and its impact on rural livelihoods, poverty and inequality: The Philippine experience seen from a Southeast Asian perspective. Review of International Political Economy, 14, 143–175.

Brown J C, Guinnane T W. 2018. Infant mortality decline in rural and urban Bavaria: Fertility, economic transformation, infant care, and inequality in Bavaria and Munich, 1825–1910. Economic History Review, 71, 853–886.

Bustos P, Garber G, Ponticelli J. 2020. Capital accumulation and structural transformation. Quarterly Journal of Economics, 135, 1037–1094.

Cabeza-García L, Del Brio E, Oscanoa-Victorio M. 2018. Gender factors and inclusive economic growth: The silent revolution. Sustainability, 10, 1–14.

Chang P G. 1949. Agriculture and Industrialization: The Adjustments that Take Place as an Agricultural Country is Industrialized. Harvard University Press, Cambridge.

Chen C. 2017. Untitled land, occupational choice, and agricultural productivity. American Economic Journal (Macroeconomics), 9, 91–121.

Christiaensen L, Todo Y. 2014. Poverty reduction during the rural–urban transformation - The role of the missing middle. World Development, 63, 43–58.

Chu C Y, Lee R D. 1994. Famine, revolt, and the dynastic cycle: Population dynamics in historic China. Journal of Population Economics, 7, 351–378.

Clements K W, Si J. 2017. Engel’s law, diet diversity, and the quality of food consumption. American Journal of Agricultural Economics, 100, 1–22.

Cloke P, Edwards G. 1986. Rurality in England and Wales 1981: A replication of the 1971 index. Regional Studies, 20, 289–306.

Cloke P J. 1977. An index of rurality for England and Wales. Regional Studies, 11, 31–46.

Cochrane W W. 1993. The Development of American Agriculture: A Historical Analysis. University of Minnesota Press, USA.

Coelli T, Fleming E. 2004. Diversification economies and specialisation efficiencies in a mixed food and coffee smallholder farming system in Papua New Guinea. Agricultural Economics, 31, 229–239.

Dercon S, Gollin D. 2014. Agriculture in African development: Theories and strategies. Annual Review of Resource Economics, 6, 471–492.

Dong X Y, Macphail F, Bowles P, Ho S P S. 2004. Gender segmentation at work in China’s privatized rural industry: Some evidence from Shandong and Jiangsu. World Development, 32, 979–998.

Eastin J, Prakash A. 2013. Economic development and gender equality: Is there a gender Kuznets curve? World Politics, 65, 156–186.

Ecker O. 2018. Agricultural transformation and food and nutrition security in Ghana: Does farm production diversity (still) matter for household dietary diversity? Food Policy, 79, 271–282.

Elvin M. 1973. The Pattern of the Chinese Past. Stanford University Press, CA, the US.

Emerick K. 2018. Agricultural productivity and the sectoral reallocation of labor in rural India. Journal of Development Economics, 135, 488–503.

FAO (Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations). 2017. The State of Food and Agriculture 2017. Leveraging Food Systems for Inclusive Rural Transformation. [2021-4-20]. https://www.fao.org/documents/card/en/c/I7658EN

Ferrarini A, Bodini A, Becchi M. 2001. Environmental quality and sustainability in the province of Reggio Emilia (Italy): Using multi-criteria analysis to assess and compare municipal performance. Journal of Environmental Management, 63, 117–131.

Findlay C, Watson A, Wu H X. 1994. Rural enterprises in China: Overview, issues and prospects. In: Findlay C, Watson A, Wu H X, eds., Rural Enterprises in China. Palgrave Macmillan, London, UK. pp. 173–190.

Garnaut R, Anderson K. 1980. ASEAN export specialisation and the evolution of comparative advantage in the Western Pacific region. In: Garnaut R, Anderson K, eds., ASEAN in a Changing Pacific and World Economy. ANU Press, Canberra. pp. 374–412.

Geertz C. 1963. Agricultural Involution: The Processes of Ecological Change in Indonesia. University of California Press, USA.

Gelan A. 2002. Trade liberalisation and urban–rural linkages: A CGE analysis for Ethiopia. Journal of Policy Modeling, 24, 707–738.

Gollin D, Lagakos D, Waugh M E. 2014. The agricultural productivity gap. The Quarterly Journal of Economics, 129, 939–993.

Gong B L. 2020. Agricultural productivity convergence in China. China Economic Review, 60, 16.

Harrington V, O’Donoghue D. 1998. Rurality in England and Wales 1991: A replication and extension of the 1981 rurality index. Sociologia Ruralis, 38, 178–203.

Heckert J, Pereira A, Doss C, Myers E C, Quisumbing A. 2020. Structural transformation and gendered transitions to adulthood among rural youth: Cross-national evidence from low- and middle-income countries. Journal of Development Studies, 21, 614–634.

Hicks J H, Kleemans M, Li N Y, Miguel E. 2017. Reevaluating agricultural productivity gaps with longitudinal microdata. Journal of the European Economic Association, 19, 1522–1555.

Hou J. 2008. China Economic History. Xinxing Publisher, China. (in Chinese)

Huang J. 2018a. Facilitating inclusive rural transformation in the Asian developing countries. World Food Policy, 4, 31–55.

Huang J. 2018b. Forty years of China’s agricultural development and reform and the way forward in the future. Journal of Agrotechnical Economics, 3, 4–15.

Huang J. 2020. Rural revitalization: Rural transformation, structural transformation and government’s functions. Issues in Agricultural Economy, 1, 4–16.

Huang J, Wang J, Kim K D, Plunkett H, Xu Y, Findlay C. 2020a. Rural Adaptation to Climate Change. ACIAR Technical Reports Series. Canberra. pp. 1–32.

Huang J K, Rozelle S, Zhu X K, Zhao S J, Sheng Y. 2020b. Agricultural and rural development in China during the past four decades: An introduction. Australian Journal of Agricultural and Resource Economics, 64, 1–13.

Huang J K, Shi P F. 2021. Regional rural and structural transformations and farmer’s income in the past four decades in China. China Agricultural Economic Review, 24, 278–301.

IFAD (International Fund for Agricultural Development). 2016. Rural Development Report 2016: Fostering Inclusive Rural Transformation. IFAD, Rome, Italy.

Imai K S, Gaiha R, Bresciani F. 2019. Dynamics of rural transformation and poverty and inequality in Asia and the Pacific. Discussion Paper Series. RIEB Kobe University, Japan.

Imai K S, Gaiha R, Garbero A. 2017. Poverty reduction during the rural–urban transformation: Rural development is still more important than urbanisation. Journal of Policy Modeling, 39, 963–982.

de Janvry A, Sadoulet E. 2020. Using agriculture for development: Supply- and demand-side approaches. World Development, 133, 14.

Jayne T S, Chamberlin J, Benfica R. 2018. Africa’s unfolding economic transformation. Journal of Development Studies, 54, 777–787.

Johnston B F. 1970. Agriculture and structural transformation in developing countries: A survey of research. Journal of Economic Literature, 8, 369–404.

Johnson J E, Taylor E J. 2019. The long run health consequences of rural–urban migration. Quantitative Economics, 10, 565–606.

Kagin J, Taylor J E, Yunez-Naude A. 2016. Inverse productivity or inverse efficiency? Evidence from Mexico. Journal of Development Studies, 52, 396–411.

Keyder C, Yenal Z. 2011. Agrarian change under globalization: Markets and insecurity in Turkish agriculture. Journal of Agrarian Change, 11, 60–86.

Kim T H, Yang S R. 2016. Construction of the rural development index: The case of Vietnam. Journal of Rural Development, 39, 113–142.

Koppel B, Zurick D. 1988. Rural transformation and the future of agricultural development policy in Asia. Agricultural Administration and Extension, 28, 283–301.

Kwan F, Zhang Y, Zhuo S H. 2018. Labour reallocation, productivity growth and dualism: The case of China. International Review of Economics & Finance, 57, 198–210.

Lanjouw P, Murgai R, Stern N. 2013. Nonfarm diversification, poverty, economic mobility, and income inequality: A case study in village India. Agricultural Economics, 44, 461–473.

Leknes S, Modalsli J. 2020. Who benefited from industrialization? The local effects of hydropower technology adoption in Norway. Journal of Economic History, 80, 207–245.

Letta M, Montalbano P, Tol R S J. 2018. Temperature shocks, short-term growth and poverty thresholds: Evidence from rural Tanzania. World Development, 112, 13–32.

Lewis W A. 1954. Economic development with unlimited supplies of labour. The Manchester School, 22, 139–191.

Li J, Jia L, Liu Y, Yang Y, Jiang N. 2018. Measuring model of rural transformation development path in Fuping County of Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei region. Habitat International, 74, 48–56.

Li J, Yang Y, Jiang N. 2017. County-rural transformation development from viewpoint of “population-land-industry” in Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei region under the background of rapid urbanization. Sustainability, 9, 1637.

Li L H, Bellotti B, Komarek A M. 2016. Structural change and agricultural diversification since China’s reforms. Bio-Based and Applied Economics, 5, 113–130.

Liu Y S, Guo Y Z, Zhou Y. 2018. Poverty alleviation in rural China: Policy changes, future challenges and policy implications. China Agricultural Economic Review, 10, 241–259.

Lobao L, Meyer K. 2001. The great agricultural transition: Crisis, change, and social consequences of twentieth century US farming. Annual Review of Sociology, 27, 103–124.

Long H, Zou J, Liu Y. 2009. Differentiation of rural development driven by industrialization and urbanization in eastern coastal China. Habitat International, 33, 454–462.

Long H, Zou J, Pykett J, Li Y. 2011. Analysis of rural transformation development in China since the turn of the new millennium. Applied Geography, 31, 1094–1105.

Lowery B, Dagevos J, Vodden K. 2020. Goal-driven or data-driven? Inventory of sustainability indicator initiatives in rural Canada. Sustainability, 12, 1–35.

Malthus T. 1798. An Essay on the Principle of Population. J. Johnson, London.

Managi S, Kumar P. 2018. Inclusive Wealth Report. Routledge, London.

Masters W A, Rosenblum N Z, Alemu R G. 2018. Agricultural transformation, nutrition transition and food policy in Africa: Preston curves reveal new stylised facts. Journal of Development Studies, 54, 788–802.

McMillan M, Rodrik D, Verduzco-Gallo Í. 2014. Globalization, structural change, and productivity growth, with an update on Africa. World Development, 63, 11–32.

Mehrotra S, Parida J K. 2017. Why is the labour force participation of women declining in India? World Development, 98, 360–380.

Mu R, van de Walle D. 2011. Left behind to farm? Women’s labor re-allocation in rural China. Labour Economics, 18, S83–S97.

Mulwa C K, Visser M. 2020. Farm diversification as an adaptation strategy to climatic shocks and implications for food security in northern Namibia. World Development, 129, 10.

Nelson K S, Nguyen T D, Brownstein N A, Garcia D, Walker H C, Watson J T, Xin A. 2021. Definitions, measures, and uses of rurality: A systematic review of the empirical and quantitative literature. Journal of Rural Studies, 82, 351–365.

Nguyen C V, Tran A N. 2014. The role of crop land during economic development: evidence from rural Vietnam. European Review of Agricultural Economics, 41, 561–582.

O’Brien P K. 1977. Agriculture and the industrial revolution. The Economic History Review, 30, 166–181.

Ochieng J, Knerr B, Owuor G, Ouma E. 2020. Food crops commercialization and household livelihoods: Evidence from rural regions in Central Africa. Agribusiness, 36, 318–338.

OECD (The Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development). 2020. Managing environmental and energy transitions for regions and cities. [2021-4-20]. https://www.oecd.org/greengrowth/energy-environment-transition.htm

Ohlan R. 2016. Rural transformation in India in the decade of miraculous economic growth. Journal of Land and Rural Studies, 4, 188–205.

Page B. 1996. Across the great divide: Agriculture and industrial geography. Economic Geography, 72, 376–397.

Peng Z. 2004. Materialistic Concept of History and the Historical Science. Higher Education Press, Beijing. (in Chinese)

Pingali P L. 1997. From subsistence to commercial production systems: The transformation of Asian agriculture. American Journal of Agricultural Economics, 79, 628–634.

Pope R D, Prescott R. 1980. Diversification in relation to farm size and other socioeconomic characteristics. American Journal of Agricultural Economics, 62, 554–559.

Pudianti A, Suprapti A, Syahbana J A. 2019. The tools of qualitative approach to measure rural transformation: The case of Yogyakarta rural village. Tataloka, 21, 12.

Quinn R. 1997. NGOs, Peasants and the State: Transformation and Intervention in Rural Thailand, 1970–1990. The Australian National University, Australia. pp. 32–84.

Ramos T B. 2019. Sustainability assessment: Exploring the frontiers and paradigms of indicator approaches. Sustainability, 11, 824.

Reardon T, Timmer C P. 2014. Five inter-linked transformations in the Asian agrifood economy: Food security implications. Global Food Security, 3, 108–117.

Reddy A A, Rani C R, Cadman T, Reddy T P, Battarai M, Reddy A N. 2016. Rural transformation of a village in Telangana, a study of Dokur since 1970s. International Journal of Rural Management, 12, 143–178.

Rigg J, Salamanca A. 2017. Aggregate trends, particular stories. In: McGregor A, Law L, Miller F, eds. Routledge Handbook of Southeast Asian Development. Routledge, England. pp. 39–52.

Rodrik D. 2016. Premature deindustrialization. Journal of Economic Growth, 21, 1–33.

Rosenzweig M R. 1993. Women, insurance capital, and economic-development in rural India. Journal of Human Resources, 28, 735–758.

Schmidt E, Mueller V, Rosenbach G. 2020. Rural households in Papua New Guinea afford better diets with income from small businesses. Food Policy, 97, 15.

Schwoob M, Timmer P, Andersson M, Treyer S. 2019. Agricultural transformation pathways toward the SDGs. In: Serraj R, Pingali P, eds., Agriculture & Food Systems to 2050. World Scientific, Singapore. pp. 417–436.

Sheng Y, Zhao Y, Zhang Q, Dong W, Huang J. 2021. Boosting rural labor off-farm employment through urban expansion in China. World Development, 151, 1–15.

Stojcic N, Aralica Z, Anic I D. 2019. Spatio-temporal determinants of the structural and productive transformation of regions in Central and East European countries. Economic Systems, 43, 12.

Strojny J. 2019. The impact of terms of trade shocks on Baltic countries’ agricultural industry. In: Auzina A, ed., Economic Science for Rural Development 2019. Latvia University Life Sciences & Technologies, Jelgava. pp. 389–395.

Tagliapietra S, Occhiali G, Nano E, Kalcik R. 2020. The impact of electrification on labour market outcomes in Nigeria. Economia Politica, 37, 737–779.

Timmer C P. 2014. Managing Structural Transformation: A Political Economy Approach. WIDER Annual Lecture. UNU-WIDER.

Timmer P C. 1988. Chapter 8: The agricultural transformation. In: Cheneo H, Srinivasan T N, eds., Handbook of Development Economics. Elsevier. pp. 275–331.

Tombe T, Zhu X. 2019. Trade, migration, and productivity: A quantitative analysis of China. American Economic Review, 109, 1843–1872.

Trapaga D G R, Diaz-Carrion I A, Hernandez S C. 2019. Rural and indigenous women empowerment through productive groups and social microbusinesses in Mexico. Retos: Revista de Ciencias de la Administración y Economía, 9, 91–106. (in Spanish)

Trivelli C, Berdegué J A. 2019. Rural transformation: Looking towards the future of Latin America and the Caribbean. In: 2030-Food, Agriculture and Rural Development in Latin America and the Caribbean. Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, Santiago.

Wang L, Khan Q U, Zhang D. 2013. Rural transformation index: Measuring rural–urban disparities. In: Maclean R, Jagannathan S, Sarvi J, eds., Skills Development for Inclusive and Sustainable Growth in Developing Asia-Pacific. Springer Netherlands, Dordrecht. pp. 213–240.

Weisheit R A, Wells L E, Falcone D N. 1995. Crime and Policing in Rural and Small-Town America: An Overview of the Issues. U.S. Department of Justice, National Institute of Justice, USA. pp. 16.

World Bank T. 2016. Feminization of Agriculture in the Context of Rural Transformations: What is the Evidence? World Bank, Washington, DC. [2021-4-20]. http://hdl.handle.net/10986/25099

Wuyts M, Kilama B. 2016. Planning for agricultural change and economic transformation in Tanzania? Journal of Agrarian Change, 16, 318–341.

Yang Y, Liu Y, Li Y, Li J. 2018. Measure of urban–rural transformation in Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei region in the new millennium: Population-land-industry perspective. Land Use Policy, 79, 595–608.

You K F, Sarantis N. 2013. Structural breaks, rural transformation and total factor productivity growth in China. Journal of Productivity Analysis, 39, 231–242.

Young A. 2013. Inequality, the urban–rural gap, and migration. The Quarterly Journal of Economics, 128, 1727–1785.

Zhang H, Wu K, Qiu Y, Chan G, Wang S, Zhou D, Ren X. 2020. Solar photovoltaic interventions have reduced rural poverty in China. Nature Communications, 11, 1969.

Zhang L X, Dong Y Q, Liu C F, Bai Y L. 2018. Off-farm employment over the past four decades in rural China. China Agricultural Economic Review, 10, 190–214.

Zhang T L, Huang X W, Zhang L N, Zhang L X. 2021. The evolution of China’s rural labor market in the 21st century: An empirical study based on nationally representative survey data at the household level. China Agricultural Economic Review, 18, 349–366.

Zhong X. 2016. The History of Chinese Economic Thoughts. Shanghai Academy of Social Sciences Press, China. (in Chinese)

Zhou Y B, Zhang C, Cheng T L, Cao X M. 2016. Analysis on land outflow of agricultural transfer population from the perspective of generational differences. In: McAnally E, Volodina T, Zhang Y, Solovjeva I, eds., Proceedings of the 2016 2nd International Conference on Economy, Management, Law and Education. Atlantis Press, Paris. pp. 44–48.