Journal of Integrative Agriculture ›› 2024, Vol. 23 ›› Issue (6): 2065-2082.DOI: 10.1016/j.jia.2023.10.021

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施用有机肥缓解大豆根际和非根际土壤微生物资源限制的潜在策略

  

  • 收稿日期:2023-07-21 接受日期:2023-09-19 出版日期:2024-06-20 发布日期:2024-05-30

Application of organic manure as a potential strategy to alleviate the limitation of microbial resources in soybean rhizospheric and bulk soils

Zhimin Wu1, Xiaozeng Han2, Xu Chen2, Xinchun Lu2, Jun Yan2, Wei Wang3, Wenxiu Zou2#, Lei Yan1#    

  1. 1 School of Resources and Environment, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China

    2 Key Laboratory of Mollisols Agroecology, Northeast Institute of Geography and Agroecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Harbin 150081, China

    3 Heilongjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin 150086, China

  • Received:2023-07-21 Accepted:2023-09-19 Online:2024-06-20 Published:2024-05-30
  • About author:Zhimin Wu, E-mail: wzmneau10@163.com; #Correspondence Wenxiu Zou, Tel: +86-451-86601048, E-mail: zouwenxiu@iga.ac.cn; Lei Yan, Tel: +86-451-55191170, E-mail: yanlei@neau.edu.cn
  • Supported by:
    The study was funded by the National Key R&D Program of China (2022YFD1500100), the Strategic Priority Research Program of the Chinese Academy of Sciences (XDA28070100), the Young Scholars Program in Regional Development, Chinese Academy of Sciences (2022-027), and the China Agriculture Research System (CARS-04).

摘要:

本研究基于长期定位试验,分析了有机肥施用量(低、中、高)对大豆根际和非根际土壤酶化学计量特征以及微生物群落结构的影响,强调根际在减轻微生物资源限制方面的关键作用。试验共设置不施肥(CK)、仅施用化肥(NPK)、低有机肥施用量(7.5 Mg ha−1 yr−1)加化肥(NPKO1)、中有机肥施用量(15 Mg ha−1 yr−1)加化肥(NPKO2)和高有机肥施用量(22.5 Mg ha−1 yr−1)加化肥(NPKO35个处理。研究结果表明,与非根际土壤相比,根际土壤的微生物量碳(MBC)、氮(MBN)和磷(MBP分别显著增加了54.19%-72.86%47.30%-48.17%和17.37%-208.47%。与未施用有机肥处理相比,施用有机肥处理的根际(增加了22.80%-90.82%)和非根际土壤(增加了10.57%-60.54%)的总微生物量均有所增加,其中根际土壤微生物量高于非根际土壤微生物量与非根际土壤相比,根际土壤在高有机肥施用下的CNP酶活性分别增加了22.49%14.88%29.45%。通过对酶计量散点图的分析,发现无论是根际还是非根际土壤均受到碳、磷共同限制偏最小二乘路径模型分析表明,根际土壤受到有机肥施用量的影响更为显著。上述研究结果表明长期施用有机肥对根际土壤的影响大于非根际土壤。相比于非根际土壤,根际土壤具有更好的养分获取能力。与低量和高有机肥施用量相比,中有机肥施用量可以最大限度地缓解根际土壤微生物资源的限制,且不会导致有机肥的过度施用而产生的负面影响。

Abstract:

The development and vigor of soil microorganisms in terrestrial ecosystems are frequently constrained by the limited availability of essential elements such as carbon (C), nitrogen (N), and phosphorus (P).  In this study, we investigated the impact of long-term application of varying levels of organic manure, low (7.5 Mg ha−1 yr−1), moderate (15.0 Mg ha−1 yr−1), and high (22.5 Mg ha−1 yr−1), on the stoichiometry of enzymes and the structures of the microbial communities in soybean rhizospheric and bulk soils.  The main goal of this research was to examine how soil microbial resource limitations in the rhizosphere respond to different long-term fertilization strategies.  The soil enzymatic activities were quantified, and the structure of the microbial community was assessed by analyzing phospholipid fatty acid profiles.  When compared to the bulk soil, the rhizospheric soil had significant increases in microbial biomass carbon (MBC), nitrogen (MBN), and phosphorus (MBP), with MBC increasing by 54.19 to 72.86%, MBN by 47.30 to 48.17%, and MBP by 17.37 to 208.47%.  Compared with the unfertilized control (CK), the total microbial biomasses of the rhizospheric (increased by 22.80 to 90.82%) and bulk soils (increased by 10.57 to 60.54%) both exhibited increases with the application of organic manure, and the rhizospheric biomass was higher than that of bulk soil.  Compared with bulk soil, the activities of C-, N- and P-acquiring enzymes of rhizospheric soil increased by 22.49, 14.88, and 29.45% under high levels of organic manure, respectively.  Analyses of vector length, vector angle, and scatter plots revealed that both rhizospheric and bulk soils exhibited limitations in terms of both carbon (C) and phosphorus (P) availability.  The results of partial least-squares path modelling indicated that the rhizospheric soil exhibited a more pronounced response to the rate of manure application than the bulk soil.  The varying reactions of rhizospheric and bulk soils to the extended application of organic manure underscore the crucial function of the rhizosphere in mitigating limitations related to microbial resources, particularly in the context of different organic manure application rates.

Key words: nzymatic stoichiometry , rhizosphere ,  phospholipid fatty acids ,  soybean ,  organic manure