花期高温、相对空气湿度和饱和水汽压差对不同基因型玉米结实率的影响

doi:10.1016/j.jia.2023.09.007

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

热胁迫是当前和未来全球玉米生产的主要限制因素。在开花期高温胁迫下，玉米的雄性和雌性生殖器官在增加果穗结实率方面发挥着重要作用，但高温、相对空气湿度和饱和水汽压差对雌雄穗器官和结实率的贡献尚不清楚。本研究利用20个玉米自交系开展了2年的田间试验，每年包括3个播期。与第一播期相比，第三播期的结实率、穗粒数和产量都下降了80%以上。花粉活力、吐丝率和开花吐丝间隔期是影响结实的决定因素，它们与结实率的相关系数分别为0.89***、0.65***和-0.72***。饱和水汽压差和相对空气湿度均与花粉活力和吐丝率呈显著相关。高相对空气湿度可以通过保持高花粉活力和高吐丝率来减轻热效应对玉米结实的影响。我们对2020年到2050年的气象因子进行了模拟，发现气温将继续升高，空气湿度将增加，饱和水汽压差有降低趋势。我们根据花粉活力和吐丝率数据，将20个自交系分成了4个群。花粉活力高、吐丝率高的群在热胁迫下表现最好，可以结合开花性状的遗传改良进一步提升其耐热性，以便适应变暖的气候。

Abstract:

Heat stress is a major constraint to current and future maize production at the global scale. Male and female reproductive organs both play major roles in increasing seed set under heat stress at flowering, but their relative contributions to seed set are unclear. In this study, a 2-year field experiment including three sowing dates in each year and 20 inbred lines was conducted. Seed set, kernel number per ear, and grain yield were all reduced by more than 80% in the third sowing dates compared to the first sowing dates. Pollen viability, silk emergence ratio, and anthesis–silking interval were the key determinants of seed set under heat stress; and their correlation coefficients were 0.89^***, 0.65^***, and –0.72^***, respectively. Vapor pressure deficit (VPD) and relative air humidity (RH) both had significant correlations with pollen viability and the silk emergence ratio. High RH can alleviate the impacts of heat on maize seed set by maintaining high pollen viability and a high silk emergence ratio. Under a warming climate from 2020 to 2050, VPD will decrease due to the increased RH. Based on their pollen viability and silk emergence ratios, the 20 genotypes fell into four different groups. The group with high pollen viability and a high silk emergence ratio performed better under heat stress, and their performance can be further improved by combining the improved flowering pattern traits.

Key words: maize , pollen viability , silk emergence , heat stress , relative humidity

Xin Dong, Baole Li, Zhenzhen Yan, Ling Guan, Shoubing Huang , Shujun Li, Zhiyun Qi, Ling Tang, Honglin Tian, Zhongjun Fu, Hua Yang. 花期高温、相对空气湿度和饱和水汽压差对不同基因型玉米结实率的影响[J]. Journal of Integrative Agriculture, 2024, 23(9): 2955-2969.

Xin Dong, Baole Li, Zhenzhen Yan, Ling Guan, Shoubing Huang , Shujun Li, Zhiyun Qi, Ling Tang, Honglin Tian, Zhongjun Fu, Hua Yang. Impacts of high temperature, relative air humidity, and vapor pressure deficit on the seed set of contrasting maize genotypes during flowering[J]. Journal of Integrative Agriculture, 2024, 23(9): 2955-2969.

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