夜间增温通过提高开花前小麦的生长以及花后籽粒淀粉形成从而有利于提高产量

doi:10.1016/j.jia.2023.06.024

Journal of Integrative Agriculture ›› 2024, Vol. 23 ›› Issue (2): 536-550.DOI: 10.1016/j.jia.2023.06.024

夜间增温通过提高开花前小麦的生长以及花后籽粒淀粉形成从而有利于提高产量

收稿日期:2023-01-06 接受日期:2023-05-05 出版日期:2024-02-20 发布日期:2024-01-29

Night warming increases wheat yield by improving pre-anthesis plant growth and post-anthesis grain starch biosynthesis

Yonghui Fan¹, Boya Qin¹, Jinhao Yang^1,
2, Liangliang Ma¹, Guoji Cui¹, Wei He¹, Yu Tang¹, Wenjing Zhang¹, Shangyu Ma¹, Chuanxi Ma^1#, Zhenglai Huang^1#

¹College of Agronomy, Anhui Agricultural University/Key Laboratory of Wheat Biology and Genetic Improvement in South Yellow & Huai River Valley, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Hefei 230036, China
²Xianyang Central Station for Agricultural Technology Extension, Xianyang 712000, China

Received:2023-01-06 Accepted:2023-05-05 Online:2024-02-20 Published:2024-01-29
About author:Yonghui Fan, E-mail: yonghuifan66@163.com; #Correspondence Zhenglai Huang, E-mail: ahauhzl@163.com; Chuanxi Ma, E-mail: machuanxi@ahau.edu.cn
Supported by:
This work was supported by the Project of Natural Science Foundation of Anhui Province, China (2008085qc118), the National Natural Science Foundation of China (U19A2021), the Major Science and Technology Special Project of Anhui Province, China (S202003a06020035), and the Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center for Modern Crop Production, China (JCIC-MCP).

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

全球变暖的主要特征是非对称性增温，即冬春季和夜间增温幅度大于夏秋季和白天的增温幅度。于2019~2020和2020~2021年两个小麦生长季，以扬麦18（YM18）、苏麦188（SM188）、烟农19（YN19）和安农0711（AN0711）为试验材料，采用被动式夜间增温方法，对小麦生育前期进行不同阶段夜间增温处理，即分蘖期至拔节期夜间增温处理（NW_T-J）、拔节期至孕穗期夜间增温处理（NW_J-B）、孕穗期至开花期夜间增温处理（NW_B-A），以不增温为对照（NN），通过小麦干物质积累与转运特性，籽粒蔗糖和淀粉积累特性，研究不同阶段夜间增温对小麦产量形成的影响。结果表明，不同阶段夜间增温通过提高小麦的千粒重以及可孕小穗数从而提高小麦产量，NW_T-J处理下4个品种小麦产量均显著高于NN，半冬性小麦品种YN19和AN0711受增温的影响大于春性小麦品种YM18和SM188。NW_T-J处理通过提高小麦营养生长阶段的生长速率从而增加了小麦开花期和成熟期各器官干物质积累量，且以旗叶和穗部的干物质积累量提升比例较大。NW_T-J处理还提高了小麦灌浆前期和中期的籽粒蔗糖和淀粉含量，从而促进产量的形成。综上所述，分蘖到拔节期夜间增温通过促进小麦花前的生长速率从而提高了小麦的干物质生产能力进而有利于产量的提高。

Abstract:

Global climate change is characterized by asymmetric warming, i.e., greater temperature increases in winter, spring, and nighttime than in summer, autumn, and daytime. Field experiments were conducted using four wheat cultivars, namely ‘Yangmai 18’ (YM18), ‘Sumai 188’ (SM188), ‘Yannong 19’ (YN19), and ‘Annong 0711’ (AN0711), in the two growing seasons of 2019–2020 and 2020–2021, with passive night warming during different periods in the early growth stage. The treatments were night warming during the tillering–jointing (NW_T–J), jointing–booting (NW_J–B), and booting–anthesis (NW_B–A) stages, with ambient temperature (NN) as the control. The effects of night warming during different stages on wheat yield formation were investigated by determining the characteristics of dry matter accumulation and translocation, as well as sucrose and starch accumulation in wheat grains. The wheat yields of all four cultivars were significantly higher in NW_T–J than in NN in the 2-year experiment. The yield increases of semi-winter cultivars YN19 and AN0711 were greater than those of spring cultivars YM18 and SM188. Treatment NW_T–J increased wheat yield mainly by increasing the 1,000-grain weight and the number of fertile spikelets, and it increased dry matter accumulation in various organs of wheat at the anthesis and maturity stages by increasing the growth rate at the vegetative growth stage. The flag leaf and spike showed the largest increases in dry matter accumulation. NW_T–J also increased the grain sucrose and starch contents in the early and middle grain-filling stages, promoting yield formation. Overall, night warming between the tillering and jointing stages increased the pre-anthesis growth rate, and thus, wheat dry matter production, which contributed to an increase in wheat yield.

Key words: wheat , asymmetric warming , dry matter accumulation and translocation , starch , yield

. 夜间增温通过提高开花前小麦的生长以及花后籽粒淀粉形成从而有利于提高产量[J]. Journal of Integrative Agriculture, 2024, 23(2): 536-550.

Yonghui Fan, Boya Qin, Jinhao Yang, Liangliang Ma, Guoji Cui, Wei He, Yu Tang, Wenjing Zhang, Shangyu Ma, Chuanxi Ma, Zhenglai Huang.

Night warming increases wheat yield by improving pre-anthesis plant growth and post-anthesis grain starch biosynthesis [J]. Journal of Integrative Agriculture, 2024, 23(2): 536-550.

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