Journal of Integrative Agriculture ›› 2023, Vol. 22 ›› Issue (10): 3170-3181.DOI: 10.1016/j.jia.2023.05.016

• • 上一篇    下一篇

长江中下游平原大气排放、沉降与土壤镉累积的量化关系

  

  • 收稿日期:2022-12-14 接受日期:2023-03-10 出版日期:2023-10-20 发布日期:2023-05-16

Linking atmospheric emission and deposition to accumulation of soil cadmium in the Middle-Lower Yangtze Plain, China

TANG Li-li, FU Bo-min, WU Yang#, CAI Fu-chen, MA Yi-bing#   

  1. National Observation and Research Station of Coastal Ecological Environments in Macao, Macao Environmental Research Institute, Macau University of Science and Technology, Macao SAR 999078, P.R.China
  • Received:2022-12-14 Accepted:2023-03-10 Online:2023-10-20 Published:2023-05-16
  • About author:TANG Li-li, E-mail: 2697558385@qq.com; #Correspondence WU Yang, E-mail: yawu@must.edu.mo; MA Yi-bing, E-mail: ybma@must.edu.mo
  • Supported by:

    This work was supported by the Science and Technology Development Fund, Macau SAR, China (0159/2019/A3, 001/2022/NIF and 0008/2022/AFJ) and the Special Fund Project for Science and Technology Innovation Strategy of Guangdong Province, China (2019B121205004).

PDF

摘要：

镉（Cd）不仅是环境中毒性最大的重金属之一，而且在土壤中具有较低的环境容量，控制镉进入土壤刻不容缓。土壤中镉的来源众多，其中大气沉降已被证明是中国大规模土壤镉污染的主要来源。因此，确定镉的人为排放、大气沉降和土壤中镉累积之间的定量关系，对于缓解镉的非点源污染具有非常重要的意义。因此，本研究以中国长江中下游平原为例，基于2000-2020年发表文献中的大气排放-沉降-土壤累积数据集，研究了大气排放、大气沉降和土壤Cd累积之间的关系。结果表明，近十年来，土壤Cd仍在累积，平均累积率从9.45下降到8.86 μg kg-1 yr-1，依然远超全国平均水平（4.0 μg kg-1 yr-1）。大气沉降通量对土壤Cd增量的贡献在22-29%之间，大气沉降通量从0.54下降到0.48 mg m-2 yr-1，但仍高于全国平均水平。在一个省级行政区域内，大气沉降和排放高度相关，接近1.0的比例，而多种因素增加了其不确定性。由于控制技术和环境政策的影响，大气重金属排放因子可能处于动态变化状态。作为镉排放的主要来源，2000-2010年至2010-2020年期间，有色金属生产每吨烟尘排放量下降了64.7%。尽管各种环境政策已经出台，但镉的大气排放仍然不容乐观。这项工作为合理控制镉的大气排放和土壤污染提供了科学依据。

Abstract:

Cadmium (Cd) is one of the most toxic heavy metals in the environment.  Atmospheric deposition has been found to be the main source of Cd pollution of soil on a large scale in China, and identification of the relationships between anthropogenic emission, atmospheric deposition, and Cd accumulation in soil is important for developing ways to mitigate Cd non-point pollution.  In this study, the relationship between atmospheric emission, atmospheric deposition, and soil Cd accumulation in the Middle-Lower Yangtze Plain in China was investigated using datasets of atmospheric emission, deposition, and soil accumulation from the literatures published between 2000 and 2020.  The results showed that the soil Cd accumulation rate in the study area exceeded the national average (4.0 μg kg–1 yr–1) and continued to accumulate in recent decades, although the average accumulation rate decreased from 9.45 μg kg–1 yr–1 (2000–2010 period) to 8.86 μg kg–1 yr–1 (2010–2020 period).  The contribution of atmospheric deposition flux to Cd increment in the soil was in the range of 22–29%, with the atmospheric deposition flux decreasing from 0.54 mg m–2 yr–1 (2000–2010) to 0.48 mg m–2 yr–1 (2010–2020), both values being greater than the national average.  Atmospheric Cd deposition and emission were highly correlated in a provincial administrative region, which is close to a ratio of 1.0.  Emission factors may be in a state of dynamic change due to the influences of new Cd emission control technologies and environmental policies.  As the main sources of Cd emissions, dust, and smoke emissions per ton of non-ferrous metal production decreased by 64.7% between the 2000–2010 and 2010–2020 periods.  Although new environmental policies have been instigated, atmospheric emission of Cd is still excessive.  It was hoped that the findings of this work would provide a scientific basis for the rational control of atmospheric emissions and Cd pollution of soil.

Key words: cadmium ,  soil accumulation ,  atmospheric emission ,  atmospheric deposition