控释尿素与普通尿素配施适量氮肥可降低小麦茎秆倒伏风险并
提高籽粒产量及其稳定性

doi:10.1016/j.jia.2023.02.039

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

控释尿素与普通尿素(CRUNU)混合可作为一种高效氮肥类型，但其对小麦茎秆抗倒伏、产量及产量稳定性的影响尚不清楚。在2017-2021年4年的田间试验中，研究了氮肥类型(CRUNU和普通尿素(NU))和施氮量(低水平(L): 135 kg hm ^-1、中水平(M): 180 kg hm ^-1、高水平(H): 225 kg hm ^-1)对小麦群体抗倒伏性、基部节间强度、木质素含量及其合成酶活性、茎秆抗倒伏力、籽粒产量及其稳定性的影响。结果表明，两种氮肥类型在高施氮水平下小麦倒伏率均最高，其中CRUNU结合中等氮施用水平倒伏率最低。与NU相比，CRUNU在3种施氮水平下均提高了小麦群体的抗倒伏能力，这主要与小麦群体特性和第二基节间断裂强度改善有关。相关分析进一步表明，基部第二节间断裂强度与节间的物理特性、化学成分和微观结构有关。低、中和高施氮水平下，CRUNU分别使小麦籽粒产量提高4.47、14.62和3.12%。此外，在中和高施氮水平下，CRUNU的产量差异不显著，但同时中施氮水平下产量稳定性最高。综上所述，CRUNU与中氮施用量相结合可作为一种适宜小麦生产的农艺管理策略。

Abstract:

A mixture of controlled-release urea and normal urea (CRUNU) is an efficient nitrogen (N) fertilizer type, but little is known about its effects on stem lodging resistance, grain yield, and yield stability of wheat. In this study, a 4-year field experiment (from 2017 to 2021) was conducted to analyze the effects of N fertilizer types (CRUNU and normal urea (NU)) and application rates (low level (L), 135 kg ha^–1; medium level (M), 180 kg ha^–1;high level (H), 225 kg ha^–1) on population lodging resistance, basal internode strength, lignin content and synthetase activity, stem lodging resistance, grain yield, and yield stability of wheat. Our results showed that the two N fertilizer types had the highest lodging rate under high N application rates, and the M-CRUNU treatment showed the lowest lodging rate. Compared with NU, CRUNU improved the wheat population lodging resistance under the three N application rates, mainly related to improving wheat population characteristics and breaking the strength of the second basal internode. Correlation analysis showed that the breaking strength of the second basal internode was related to the physical characteristics, chemical components, and micro-structure of the internode. Compared with NU, CRUNU significantly increased wheat grain yield by 4.47, 14.62, and 3.12% under low, medium, and high N application rates, respectively. In addition, CRUNU showed no significant difference in grain yield under medium and high N application rates, but it presented the highest yield stability under the medium N application rate. In summary, CRUNU, combined with the medium N application rate, is an efficient agronomic management strategy for wheat production.

Key words: controlled-release urea , lodging , grain yield , yield stability , wheat

ZHANG Guang-xin, ZHAO De-hao, FAN Heng-zhi, LIU Shi-ju, LIAO Yun-cheng, HAN Juan. 控释尿素与普通尿素配施适量氮肥可降低小麦茎秆倒伏风险并提高籽粒产量及其稳定性[J]. Journal of Integrative Agriculture, 2023, 22(10): 3006-3021.

ZHANG Guang-xin, ZHAO De-hao, FAN Heng-zhi, LIU Shi-ju, LIAO Yun-cheng, HAN Juan. Combining controlled-release urea and normal urea with appropriate nitrogen application rate to reduce wheat stem lodging risk and increase grain yield and yield stability[J]. Journal of Integrative Agriculture, 2023, 22(10): 3006-3021.

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