中国七个茶树主栽品种的差异代谢物及转录调控研究

doi:10.1016/j.jia.2023.02.009

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 由于不同茶树品种遗传背景的多样性，导致茶类适制性存在差异，这也在一定程度上影响了其制成的茶叶品质特征。本研究通过代谢组学和转录组学技术对中国7个茶树主栽品种的一芽二叶进行分析，并基于WGCNA方法挖掘调控不同茶树品种特征代谢物的关键转录因子 (TF)。基于代谢组学的实验结果表明，铁观音和福建水仙的儿茶素类化合物含量较高；金萱的酚酸类、黄酮类、萜类和鞣质等次级代谢物含量高于其他6个品种；福鼎大白茶的氨基酸、亚麻酸和糖类物质含量较高。基于转录组学的实验结果表明，HCT（CsTGY12G0001876，CsTGY06G0003042）的上调可能导致了铁观音芽叶的绿原酸含量的积累；福建水仙芽叶的高L-抗坏血酸与GalLDH（CsTGY13G0000389）、MIOX（CsTGY14G0001769，CsTGY14G0001770）的高表达密切相关，并受到WRKY（CsTGY11G0001197）基因的调控；福鼎大白茶、龙井43、舒茶早和白毫早的游离脂肪酸含量较高，其中，MYB（CsTGY14G0002344）可能是调控棕榈油酸含量积累的关键基因。此外，我们的研究发现，铁观音中丰富的花青素类物质导致其芽叶呈现绿带紫红色，而MPEC（CsTGY10G0001989）基因的下调也在一定程度上影响其芽叶中叶绿素的生物合成。本研究结果为茶树品种的选育及其适制性研究提供一定理论参考。

Abstract:

Various genetic and biochemical characteristics exist in tea plant cultivars, and they largely determine production suitability and tea quality. Here, we performed transcriptomic and metabolomic analyses of young shoots of seven tea cultivars and identified major regulatory transcription factors (TFs) for the characteristic metabolites in different cultivars based on weighted gene co-expression network analysis (WGCNA). Phenotypically, we found that ‘Tieguanyin’ (TGY) and ‘Fujian Shuixian’ (FJSX), which are suitable for oolong tea, had higher catechin contents. The metabolites of ‘Jinxuan’ (JX) were more prominent, especially the contents of phenolic acids, flavonoids, terpenes, and tannins, which were higher than those of the other six cultivars. Moreover, ‘Fudingdabai’ (FDDB), which is suitable for white tea, was rich in amino acids, linolenic acid, and saccharides. At the molecular level, hydroxycinnamoyl CoA quinate hydroxycinnamoyl transferase (HCT) (CsTGY12G0001876, and CsTGY06G0003042) led to the accumulation of chlorogenic acid in TGY. The main reason for the higher l-ascorbic acid content in FJSX was the high expression levels of L-galactono-1,4-lactone hydrogenase (GalLDH) (CsTGY13G0000389) and Myo-inositol oxygenase (MIOX) (CsTGY14G0001769, and CsTGY14G0001770), which were regulated by WRKY (CsTGY11G0001197). Furthermore, FDDB, ‘Longjing 43’ (LJ43), ‘Shuchazao’ (SCZ) and ‘Baihaozao’ (BHZ) had higher free fatty acid contents, among which MYB (CsTGY14G0002344) may be a hub gene for the regulation of palmitoleic acid accumulation. More importantly, we found that the shoots of TGY were green with purple, mainly due to the accumulation of anthocyanins and the downregulation of the Mg-protoporphyrin IX nonomethyl ester cyclase (MPEC) (CsTGY10G0001989) gene that affects chlorophyll synthesis. These results will provide a theoretical reference for tea cultivar breeding and suitability.

Key words: Camellia sinensis , transcriptomics , metabolomics , WGCNA

GAO Ting, HOU Bing-hao, SHAO Shu-xian, XU Meng-ting, ZHENG Yu-cheng, JIN Shan, WANG Peng-jie, YE Nai-xing. 中国七个茶树主栽品种的差异代谢物及转录调控研究[J]. Journal of Integrative Agriculture, 2023, 22(11): 3346-3363.

GAO Ting, HOU Bing-hao, SHAO Shu-xian, XU Meng-ting, ZHENG Yu-cheng, JIN Shan, WANG Peng-jie, YE Nai-xing. Differential metabolites and their transcriptional regulation in seven major tea cultivars (Camellia sinensis) in China[J]. Journal of Integrative Agriculture, 2023, 22(11): 3346-3363.

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