降低穗肥施用减轻弱光胁迫对水稻产量和品质的负面效应

doi:10.1016/j.jia.2022.08.045

Journal of Integrative Agriculture ›› 2023, Vol. 22 ›› Issue (7): 2041-2053.DOI: 10.1016/j.jia.2022.08.045

降低穗肥施用减轻弱光胁迫对水稻产量和品质的负面效应

收稿日期:2022-05-05 接受日期:2022-06-24 出版日期:2023-07-20 发布日期:2022-06-24

Decreased panicle N application alleviates the negative effects of shading on rice grain yield and grain quality

WEI Huan-he¹, GE Jia-lin¹, ZHANG Xu-bin¹, ZHU Wang^1, ², DENG Fei³, REN Wan-jun³, CHEN Ying-long¹, MENG Tian-yao^2#, DAI Qi-gen^1, ^2#

¹Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Cultivation and Physiology/Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Physiology/Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Modern Production Technology of Grain Crops/Research Institute of Rice Industrial Engineering Technology/College of Agriculture, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, P.R.China
² Institutes of Agricultural Sciences and Technology Development/Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety, Ministry of Education/College of Agriculture, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, P.R.China
³ Crop Ecophysiology and Cultivation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province/Key Laboratory of Crop Ecophysiology and Farming System in Southwest China, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs/College of Agronomy, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, P.R.China

Received:2022-05-05 Accepted:2022-06-24 Online:2023-07-20 Published:2022-06-24
About author:WEI Huan-he, E-mail: 006931@yzu.edu.cn; #Correspondence MENG Tian-yao, E-mail: 516060030@qq.com; DAI Qi-gen, E-mail: qgdai@yzu.edu.cn
Supported by:
This work was financed by the Joints Funds of the National Natural Science Foundation of China (U20A2022), the National Natural Science Foundation of China (31901448 and 32001466), the Postdoctoral Research Foundation of China (2020M671628 and 2020M671629), the Natural Science Foundation of the Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions, China (19KJB210004), the Key Research and Development Program of Jiangsu Province (BE2019343), and the Priority Academic Program Development of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions.

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

弱光胁迫已成为水稻生产中日趋严重的逆境，然而关于弱光胁迫对华东地区水稻产量和品质的研究报道仍较少；此外，也应探索合理的氮肥施用措施以减轻弱光胁迫对水稻产量和品质的负面效应。本研究旨在明确遮光（无遮光、花后遮光）和穗肥施用量（N_DP，降低穗肥用量；N_M_P，正常穗肥用量；N_I_P，增加穗肥用量）对水稻产量和品质相关性状的影响。与无遮光相比，遮光处理下水稻减产9.5%-14.8% (P<0.05)，主要是由于较低的结实率和粒重。无遮光处理下，N_MP和N_IP的产量显著高于(P<0.05)N_DP；遮光处理下，不同穗肥施用处理的产量则无显著差异。与N_MP和N_IP相比，N_DP在遮光处理的减产幅度小，这主要是由于其较高的结实率和粒重。与无遮光相比，遮光处理降低了花后叶片光合速率、成熟期干物质、抽穗至成熟期干物质积累量和成熟期茎鞘非结构性碳水化合物(NSC)的积累量。N_DP则提高了遮光处理下的收获指数和NSC运转效率。与无遮光相比，遮光处理降低了稻米糙米率、精米率、整精米率和直链淀粉含量，提高了垩白米率、垩白面积和垩白度以及蛋白质含量。无遮光处理下稻米加工品质以N_MP最优，遮光处理下则以N_D_P最优。在无遮光和遮光处理下，N_D_P的垩白米率、垩白面积和垩白度均低于N_MP和N_IP。遮光处理下，N_D_P的直链淀粉含量和崩解值降低，蛋白质含量和消减值则提高，从而实现了与无遮光处理相近的食味值。本研究结果表明，花后遮光显著恶化水稻产量和稻米品质。遮光处理下，N_D_P可促进NSC转运、提高收获指数以及库容充实效率，从而降低产量损失；此外，N_D_P可维持遮光处理下稻米加工、外观和蒸煮食味品质。因此，适当降低穗肥施用可减轻弱光胁迫对水稻产量和品质的负面效应。

Abstract: Light deficiency is a growing abiotic stress in rice production. However, few studies focus on shading effects on grain yield and quality of rice in East China. It is also essential to investigate proper nitrogen (N) application strategies that can effectively alleviate the negative impacts of light deficiency on grain yield and quality in rice. A two-year field experiment was conducted to explore the effects of shading (non-shading and shading from heading to maturity) and panicle N application (N_DP, decreased panicle N rate; N_MP, medium panicle N rate; N_IP, increased panicle N rate) treatments on rice yield- and quality-related characteristics. Compared with non-shading, shading resulted in a 9.5–14.8% yield loss (P<0.05), mainly due to lower filled-grain percentage and grain weight. N_MP and N_IP had higher (P<0.05) grain yield than N_DP under non-shading, and no significant difference was observed in rice grain yield among N_DP, N_MP, and N_IP under shading. Compared with N_MP and N_IP, N_DP achieved less yield loss under shading because of the increased filled-grain percentage and grain weight. Shading reduced leaf photosynthetic rate after heading, as well as shoot biomass weight at maturity, shoot biomass accumulation from heading to maturity, and nonstructural carbohydrate (NSC) content in the stem at maturity (P<0.05). The harvest index and NSC remobilization reserve of N_DP were increased under shading. Shading decreased (P<0.05) percentages of brown rice, milled rice, head rice, and amylose content while increasing (P<0.05) chalky rice percentage, chalky area, chalky degree, and grain protein. N_MP demonstrated a better milling quality under non-shading, while N_DP demonstrated under shading. N_DP exhibited both lower chalky rice percentage, chalky area, and chalky degree under non-shading and shading, compared with N_MP and N_IP. N_DP under shading decreased amylose content and breakdown but increased grain protein content and setback, contributing to similar overall palatability to nonshading. Our results suggested severe grain yield and quality penalty of rice when subjected to shading after heading. N_DP improved NSC remobilization, harvest index, and sink-filling efficiency and alleviated yield loss under shading. Besides, N_DP would maintain rice’s milling, appearance, and cooking and eating qualities under shading. Proper N management with a decreased panicle N rate could be adopted to mitigate the negative effects of shading on rice grain yield and quality.

Key words: rice , grain yield , grain quality , shading , panicle N application

WEI Huan-he, GE Jia-lin, ZHANG Xu-bin, ZHU Wang, DENG Fei, REN Wan-jun, CHEN Ying-long, MENG Tian-yao, DAI Qi-gen. 降低穗肥施用减轻弱光胁迫对水稻产量和品质的负面效应[J]. Journal of Integrative Agriculture, 2023, 22(7): 2041-2053.

WEI Huan-he, GE Jia-lin, ZHANG Xu-bin, ZHU Wang, DENG Fei, REN Wan-jun, CHEN Ying-long, MENG Tian-yao, DAI Qi-gen. Decreased panicle N application alleviates the negative effects of shading on rice grain yield and grain quality[J]. Journal of Integrative Agriculture, 2023, 22(7): 2041-2053.

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降低穗肥施用减轻弱光胁迫对水稻产量和品质的负面效应

Decreased panicle N application alleviates the negative effects of shading on rice grain yield and grain quality

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