Journal of Integrative Agriculture ›› 2023, Vol. 22 ›› Issue (6): 1658-1670.DOI: 10.1016/j.jia.2022.08.037

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在半干旱区垄沟覆膜前合理的耕作方式有利于促进玉米根系发育，氮素积累、转运和籽粒产量提升


  


  • 收稿日期:2022-03-23 修回日期:2022-07-11 接受日期:2022-06-24 出版日期:2023-06-20 发布日期:2022-06-24

Better tillage selection before ridge–furrow film mulching can facilitate root proliferation, increase nitrogen accumulation, translocation, grain yield of maize in a semiarid area

ZHANG Miao-miao1, DANG Peng-fei1, LI Yu-ze1, QIN Xiao-liang1#, Kadambot H. M. SIDDIQUE2   

  1. 1 College of Agronomy/Key Laboratory of Crop Physio-ecology and Tillage Science in Northwestern Loess Plateau, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, P.R.China

    2 The UWA Institute of Agriculture and School of Agriculture & Environment, The University of Western Australia, Perth WA 6001, Australia

  • Received:2022-03-23 Revised:2022-07-11 Accepted:2022-06-24 Online:2023-06-20 Published:2022-06-24
  • About author:Correspondence QIN Xiao-liang, Tel: +86-2987082990, Fax: +86-29-87082845, E-mail: xiaoliangqin2006@163.com; qinxiaoliang@nwsuaf.edu.cn
  • Supported by:

    Financial support was provided by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (31701384 and 32071980).

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摘要： 地膜覆盖技术在干旱地区被广泛应用，相关耕作措施会影响土壤性质、根系和作物生长以及养分吸收。然而，在适合地膜覆盖技术的耕作措施还存在争议。本文通过两年的田间试验，研究了垄沟覆膜前旋耕（MR）、垄沟覆膜前免耕（MZ）和垄沟覆膜前翻耕（MP）3种耕作方式对土壤全氮、速效氮、根系结构、氮素转移、氮素利用和玉米产量的影响。结果表明，两年来，MP在0–40 cm土层下硝态氮和全氮含量较高，优于MR和MZ。MP对土壤理化性质的改善效果优于其它处理，其气生根和地下节根的根系数量和根系生物量显著高于MR和MZ。收获时，相对于MR和MZ，MP在不同土层（0–20, 20–40和0–40 cm）的根生物量密度、根长密度和根表面积密度均最高。玉米生长过程中根系生物量与地上部氮素积累量之间存在显著相关性。在籽粒灌浆过程中，MP的氮素转移量最大，其根系和地上部氮素转移量分别比其它处理显著增加19.63–45.82 %和11.15–24.56 %。MP的籽粒产量和粗蛋白质含量均显著高于MR和MZ，增产幅度为1.36–26.73%。相比于MR和MZ，MP的氮收获指数、氮素吸收效率和氮肥偏生产力均最高。总之，翻耕结合垄沟覆膜有利于促进玉米根系发育，提高氮素利用率，增加玉米产量。

Abstract: Plastic film mulch systems are used widely in arid areas, and the associated tillage measures affect soil properties, root and crop growth, and nutrient uptake.  However, much debate surrounds the most suitable tillage method for plastic film mulch systems.  We conducted a two-year field experiment to explore the impact of three tillage treatments - rotary tillage before ridge–furrow plastic film mulch (MR), no-tillage before ridge–furrow plastic film mulch (MZ), and plow tillage before ridge–furrow plastic film mulch (MP) - on soil total nitrogen, available nitrogen, root stratification structure, nitrogen transfer and utilization, and maize yield.  The results showed that MP had better soil quality than either MR or MZ over 2019 and 2020, with higher nitrate-nitrogen and total nitrogen in the 0–40 cm soil layer.  MP improved the soil physicochemical properties more than the other treatments, producing significantly higher root numbers and root biomass for the aerial and underground nodal roots than MR and MZ.  At harvest, MP had the highest root biomass density, root length density, and root surface area density in the different soil layers (0–20, 20–40, and 0–40 cm).  Significant correlations occurred between root biomass and aboveground nitrogen accumulation during maize growth.  During grain filling, MP had the greatest nitrogen transfer amount, significantly increasing root and aboveground nitrogen transfer by 19.63–45.82% and 11.15–24.56%, respectively, relative to the other treatments.  MP significantly produced 1.36–26.73% higher grain yields and a higher grain crude protein content at harvest than MR and MZ.  MP also had higher values for the nitrogen harvest index, nitrogen uptake efficiency, and partial factor productivity of nitrogen fertilizer than MR and MZ.  In conclusion, plow tillage combined with a ridge–furrow plastic film mulch system facilitated maize root development and improved nitrogen utilization, thereby increasing maize yield more than the other treatments.

Key words: maize , tillage , plastic film mulch , root , nitrogen transfer