中国特色棉花栽培技术助推我国棉花生产辉煌70年

doi:10.1016/S2095-3119(20)63457-8

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

1949年中华人民共和国成立以来，我国棉花生产取得了巨大成就。连续33年（1983- 2015年）保持世界第一产棉大国地位，年均棉花单产和总产分别增长3.5%和3.9%。棉花生产为国民经济发展、人民生活水平提高发挥了无可替代的作用。尽管近年来棉花种植面积有所减少，但由于单产的不断提高，总产保持相对稳定。我国棉花生产一直占据世界主导地位，无疑归功于70多年来棉花栽培技术的进步和发展。中国建立了特色鲜明、符合人多地少国情的棉花高产栽培技术模式；而且与时俱进，不断创新和发展。本文回顾了70多年来我国棉花生产和栽培技术的发展历程，重点阐述了中国特色棉花栽培技术的创新与发展，旨在为我国棉花栽培技术的进一步创新发展提供指导，也为其他国家棉花栽培技术的发展提供参考。

Abstract: Since the founding of the People’s Republic of China in 1949, significant achievements have been made in cotton production in China. China has maintained its position as the world’s largest cotton producer for 33 years (1983–2015), with average annual increases of 3.5 and 3.9% in the unit yield and total output of cotton, respectively. Cotton production has played an extremely important role in the development of the national economy and the improvement of living standards. Although the cotton planting area has been reduced in recent years, the total output has remained relatively unchanged due to the continuous increase in the unit yield. China’s dominant position in global cotton production is undoubtedly attributed to the progress and development of cotton cultivation technology. Over the past 70 years, China has established a high-yielding and high-efficiency cotton cultivation mode that corresponds to its national conditions, including a large population and a limited land area. Furthermore, cotton cultivation technology is constantly being innovated and developed to keep pace with the times. In this paper, we review the development of cotton production and cultivation in China over the past 70 years, with a particular focus on the innovation and development of cotton cultivation technology with Chinese characteristics. This review is intended to provide guidance for the sustainable development of China’s cotton production in the future and to provide a reference for global cotton production.

Key words: China , cotton , cultivation technology , outlook

. 中国特色棉花栽培技术助推我国棉花生产辉煌70年 [J]. Journal of Integrative Agriculture, 2022, 21(3): 597-609.

FENG Lu, CHI Bao-jie, DONG He-zhong. Cotton cultivation technology with Chinese characteristics has driven the 70-year development of cotton production in China[J]. Journal of Integrative Agriculture, 2022, 21(3): 597-609.

参考文献

Bai Y, Mao S C, Tian L W, Li L, Dong H Z. 2017. Review and prospect of simplified cultivation techniques for high yield of cotton in Xinjiang. Scientia Agricultura Sinica, 50, 38–50. (in Chinese)
Bao Y X, Huang S B, Hu F. 2006. Meteorology. China Agriculture Press, Beijing. (in Chinese)
Che Y B, Tang Y Z, Ji C L. 2002. Progress and prospect of cotton seedling technology in China. China Cotton, 29, 2–4. (in Chinese)
Chen D H, Zhang X, Wu Y K, Deng J P, Zou F G, Ji C M. 2004. New seedling cultivation and transplanting technology of cotton plug seedlings. China Cotton, 31, 26–27. (in Chinese)
Chen G W, Wang D W, Yu Y, Xu S Q, Wang J B, Fan S F. 1997. Growth characteristics and supporting technologies of wide film mulched cotton in northern Xinjiang. China Cotton, 24, 17–20. (in Chinese)
Chen J X, Liu H H, Xiong G S, Liu A Y, He Y X. 2006. Technology of cotton floating seedling. China Cotton, 33, 24–25. (in Chinese)
Chen R. 1957. Cultivation and management of cotton. Bulletin of Biology, (4), 25–29. (in Chinese)
Chen Y, Liu Z Y, Heng L, Tambel L I M, Zhang X, Chen Y, Chen D H. 2021. Effects of plant density and mepiquat chloride application on cotton boll setting in wheat–cotton double cropping system. Journal of Integrative Agriculture, 20, 2372–2381.
CRI (Cotton Research Institute of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences). 1959. Cotton Farming in China. Shanghai Scientific and Technical Press, Shanghai. (in Chinese)
CRI (Cotton Research Institute of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences). 1983. Cotton Farming in China. Shanghai Scientific and Technical Press, Shanghai. (in Chinese)
CRI (Cotton Research Institute of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences). 2013. Cotton Farming in China. Shanghai Scientific and Technical Press, Shanghai. (in Chinese)
CRI (Cotton Research Institute of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences). 2019. Cotton Farming in China. Shanghai Scientific and Technical Press, Shanghai. (in Chinese)
Dai J L, Dong H Z. 2014. Intensive cotton farming technologies in China: Achievements, challenges and countermeasures. Field Crops Research, 155, 99–110.
Dai J L, Dong H Z, Duan L S. 2010. Technology and mechanism in control of salt injury in cotton. Cotton Science, 22, 486–494. (in Chinese)
Dai J L, Li Z H, Luo Z, Lu H Q, Tang W, Zhang D M, Li W J, Xin C S, Dong H Z. 2014a. Effects of seed setting on cotton yield and yield components during the reduction of precision sowing. Acta Agronomica Sinica, 40, 2040–2045. (in Chinese)
Dai J L, Luo Z, Li W J, Tang W, Zhang D M, Lu H Q, Li Z H, Xin C S, Kong X Q, Eneji A E, Dong H Z. 2014b. A simplified pruning method for profitable cotton production in the Yellow River valley of China. Field Crops Research, 164, 22–29.
Dong H Z. 2010. Cultivation of Cotton in Saline–Alkali Land. Science Press, Beijing. (in Chinese)
Dong H Z. 2012. Underlying mechanisms and related techniques of stand establishment of cotton on coastal saline-alkali soil. Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology, 23, 566–572. (in Chinese)
Dong H Z, Kong X Q, Luo Z, Li W J, Xin C S. 2010. Unequal salt distribution in the root zone increases growth and yield of cotton. European Journal of Agronomy, 4, 285–292.
Dong H Z, Li W J, Tang W, Zhang D M. 2008. Furrow seeding with plastic mulching increases stand establishment and lint yield of cotton in a saline field. Agronomy Journal, 6, 1640–1646.
Dong H Z, Yang G Z, Li Y B, Tian L W, Dai J L, Kong X Q. 2017. Key techniques and physiological and ecological mechanisms of cotton cultivation in light simplification. Acta Agronomica Sinica, 43, 631–639. (in Chinese)
Dong H Z, Yang G Z, Tian L W, Zheng S F. 2016. Light and Simple Cultivation of Cotton. Science Press, Beijing. (in Chinese)
Dong J J, Li X, Dai J L, Dong H Z. 2016. Cultivation technology of late-dense-short for cotton mechanical harvesting. China Cotton, 43, 36–38. (in Chinese)
Fan M S, Shen J B, Yuan L X, Jiang R F, Chen X P, Davies J W, Zhang F S. 2011. Improving crop productivity and resource use efficiency to ensure food security and environmental quality in China. Journal of Experimental Botany, 63, 13–24.
Feng L, Dai J L, Tian L W, Zhang H J, Li W J, Dong H Z. 2017a. Review of the technology for high-yielding and efficient cotton cultivation in the northwest inland cotton-growing region of China. Field Crops Research, 208, 18–26.
Feng L, Wang G P, Han Y C, Li Y B, Zhu Y, Zhou Z G, Cao W X. 2017b. Effects of planting pattern on growth and yield and economic benefits of cotton in a wheat–cotton double cropping system versus monoculture cotton. Field Crops Research, 213, 100–108.
Geng J B, Ma Q, Zhang M, Li C L, Liu Z G, Lyu X X, Zheng W K. 2015. Synchronized relationships between nitrogen release of controlled release nitrogen fertilizers and nitrogen requirements of cotton. Field Crops Research, 184, 9–16.
Hu Z Z. 2005. Science and technology system for accelerating agricultural modernization-precision agriculture technology system. China Cotton, 32, 2–6. (in Chinese)
Huang Z K, Cui D C. 2002. Ecological regionalization of cotton in China. Cotton Science, 14, 185–190. (in Chinese)
Huang Z K, Li J Y, Yang Y C. 1991. Key techniques to solve late maturity of double cropped cotton. China Cotton, 18, 5–6, 25. (in Chinese)
Li F G, Zhang L J, Cui J J, Dong H L, Zhang C J, Wang G P. 2005. Three-dimensional pollution of cotton field ecosystem in China and its prevention and control. Cotton Science, 17, 299–303. (in Chinese)
Li S C, Jiang X Y. 1997. Analysis on the status and development of cotton production in China. Journal of Sichuan Agricultural University, 15, 35–39. (in Chinese)
Liu S T, Zhu H M, Li Z T, Feng J Z, Han C X, Zhang Y H. 1996. Study on boll regulation technology of double film mulched cotton. Shandong Agricultural Science, 28, 9–11. (in Chinese)
Liu X T. 2005. Prospect and market potential of cotton soilless seedling patent technology. China Cotton, 32, 36–37. (in Chinese)
Lu G M. 2018. Comparative efficiency of cotton production in China and its influencing factors. MSc thesis, Huazhong Agricultural University, China. (in Chinese)
Lu G M, Liu G H, Zhu Z Q. 2019. Comparative benefits of production in main cotton producing areas and analysis of influencing factors. China Cotton, 46, 1–8, 13. (in Chinese)
Lu H Q, Dai J L, Li W J, Tang W, Zhang D M, Eneji A E, Dong H Z. 2017. Yield and economic benefits of late planted short-season cotton versus full-season cotton relayed with garlic. Field Crops Research, 200, 80–87.
Mao S C. 2007. Research and application of cotton cultivation technologies in China. Cotton Science, 19, 369–377. (in Chinese)
Mao S C, Han Y C, Wang G P, Li Y B, Wang X H, Fan Z Y, Li X X. 2006. The technique of cotton seedling raising in greenhouse and root-naked transplanting by machine. Scientia Agricultura Sinica, 39, 2395. (in Chinese)
Mao S C, Li Y B, Dong H Z. 2019. China cotton brilliant 70 years. China Cotton, 46, 1–14. (in Chinese)
Mao S C, Li Y B, Zhi X Y, Lei Y P, Han Y C, Wang G P, Yang B F. 2016. Technology advancement of China’s cotton cultivation. Agricultural Outlook, 12, 57–64. (in Chinese)
Mao S C, Song M Z, Liu X F. 1997. Study on the balanced structure and sustainable development of national cotton region distribution. China Cotton, 24, 2–5. (in Chinese)
Mao S C, Song M Z, Zhang C J, Han Y C, Xing J S, Zhuang J N. 1998. Study on soil temperature effect of cotton field during intergrowth of wheat–cotton in Huang-Huai-Hai Plain. Scientia Agricultura Sinica, 31, 18–24. (in Chinese)
Mao S C, Song M Z, Zhuang J N, Zhang C J, Cai Z M, Han Y C, Fan Z Y. 1999. Study on the productivity and high-yielding cultural technique of wheat–cotton double cropping system in Huang-Huai-Hai Plain. Scientia Agricultura Sinica, 32, 107–109. (in Chinese)
Meng L, Zhang L Z, Qi H K, Du M W, Zuo Y L, Zhang M C, Tian X L, Li Z H. 2021. Optimizing the application of a novel harvest aid to improve the quality of mechanically harvested cotton in the North China Plain. Journal of Integrative Agriculture, 20, 2892–2899.
Qian J F, Li N H, Guo J L. 2014. Measurement and analysis of factor input contribution rate of China’s cotton output growth. Journal of Agricultural Science and Technology, 16, 160–165. (in Chinese)
Shi Z, Liu L W, Huang M E. 1963. Study on close planting of cotton. Scientia Agricultura Sinica, 4, 37–40. (in Chinese)
Sun J Z, Chen B S. 1999. Cotton Cultivation. China Agriculture Press, Beijing. (in Chinese)
Tan X Y, Zhang X H, You L Z. 2020. Natural factors and policy intervention on the impact of China’s cotton production layout change. Journal of Agrotechnical Economics, (4), 79–93. (in Chinese)
Tang J, Lin Y. 2004. Popularization of cotton precision seeding technology in the corps. Xinjiang Agricultural Mechanization, (5), 9–10. (in Chinese)
Tian X M, Chen G W, Li G Y. 2000. Theory and Practice of Early Maturity and High Yield of Wide-Film Mulched Cotton. China Agriculture Press, Beijing. (in Chinese)
Wang D G, Li Y. 2013. Precision seeding and cultivation techniques for cotton. China Cotton, 40, 40–41. (in Chinese)
Wang L, Yang P, Wu Z M. 2019. Analysis on agglomeration change and its driving factors of cotton production layout in China. Journal of Shihezi University (Philosophy and Social Sciences), 33, 30–36. (in Chinese)
Wang L R, Zhao Y N, Li M. 2015. Study on the influence of cotton target price subsidy on planting decision of operating entities - A case study of Nantong, Jiangsu Province. Price Theory and Practice, (10), 47–49. (in Chinese)
Wang R H. 2009. Division and change of cotton growing region in China. China Cotton, 36, 12–16. (in Chinese)
Wang R H. 2015. Cotton production view in the 70 years after the victory of the Anti-Japanese War. China Cotton, 42, 41–42. (in Chinese)
Wang S H, Mao L L, Shi J L, Nie J J, Song X L, Sun X Z. 2021. Effects of plant density and nitrogen rate on cotton yield and nitrogen use in cotton stubble retaining fields. Journal of Integrative Agriculture, 20, 2090–2099.
Wang Y H, Zhou Z J. 2011. The impact of climate change on cotton production in China. Journal of Agro-Environment Science, 30, 1734–1741. (in Chinese)
Wang Y L. 2011. Regional analysis and prospect of cotton production in China. Agricultural Outlook, 7, 38–42. (in Chinese)
Xiao H F, Yu Y X. 2018. Layout of cotton production and its comparative advantage in China. Agricultural Economics and Management, (4), 38–47. (in Chinese)
Xin C S, Dong H Z, Tang W, Wen S M. 2005. Physiological and molecular mechanisms of salt injury and salt tolerance in cotton. Cotton Science, 17, 309–313. (in Chinese)
Xin C S, Yang X D. 2015. Classification and balanced fertilization technology for cotton in the Yellow River basin and its application. China Cotton, 42, 44–45. (in Chinese)
Xin C S, Yang X D, Luo Z, Jiao G J, Yu X K, Xue Z L. 2016. Collaborative management technology and application of fertilizer and water for cotton in cotton area of Yellow River basin. China Cotton, 43, 31–32. (in Chinese)
Yan C R, Liu E K, Shu F, Liu Q, Liu S, He W Q. 2014. Review of agricultural plastic mulching and its residual pollution and prevention measures in China. Journal of Agricultural Resources and Environment, 31, 95–102. (in Chinese)
Yang C Q, zhou Z G, Chen D H, Zheng S F, Zhang Z G. 2008. High-efficiency technology of increasing density and reducing weight of wheat (oil) cotton planted in the cotton area of the Yangtze river basin. China Cotton, 45, 1–4. (in Chinese)
Yang T G, Tan C S. 2003. Cotton factory seedling technology and its high yield and high efficiency technical specifications. Henan Agricultural Science, 32, 23–24. (in Chinese)
Yao Y S. 2004. Theory and Practice of High Yield, High Quality and High Efficiency of Cotton in Xinjiang. Xinjiang Science and Technology Press, Xinjiang. (in Chinese)
Zhang D M, Luo Z, Liu S H, Li W J, Tang W, Dong H Z. 2016. Effects of deficit irrigation and plant density on the growth, yield and fiber quality of irrigated cotton. Field Crops Research, 197, 1–9.
Zhang H Q, Wu J X, Wang Z J. 2007. Empirical analysis of evolution of major cotton-growing provinces and its reasons in China. Research of Agricultural Modernization, 28, 93–95. (in Chinese)
Zhang P T, Xu L H, Yang C Q, Yang D Y. 2006. Growth and yield formation of soilless seedling cotton. Jiangsu Agricultural Sciences, 34, 8–11. (in Chinese)
Zhong F N, Hu X M. 2008. Research on regional pattern and influencing factors of cotton production in China. Journal of Agrotechnical Economics, (1), 4–9. (in Chinese)
Zhu Q R. 2009. Analysis of production layout in China’s main cotton producing areas. China Rural Economy, (4), 31–38. (in Chinese)
Zhu Y. 1983. The technique of seedling transplanting in cotton nutrition pot. Bulletin of Agricultural Science and Technology, (2), 9–10. (in Chinese)
Zhu Z Q, Wang Y L. 2012. Analysis of the expansion of cotton production to northwest China based on principal component analysis. Journal of Huazhong Agricultural University (Social Sciences Edition), (3), 18–22. (in Chinese)