Xanthine dehydrogenase (XDH) is a crucial enzyme involved in purine metabolism.   To evaluate the effect of XDH deficiency on rice growth during dark treatment, wild type (WT) Nipponbare (Oryza sativa L.) and two independent transgenic lines with severe RNAi suppression (xdh3 and xdh4) were used in the present experiment.  Under normal growth conditions, chlorophyll levels and biomass were indistinguishable between WT and the two RNAi transgenic lines, but XDH enzyme activity and ureide levels were suppressed in XDH RNAi transgenic lines.  When XDH RNAi transgenic lines were subjected to dark treatment, chlorophyll content and biomass were significantly decreased, while O₂^–· production rate and malonaldehyde (MDA) were significantly increased compared to WT.  The spraying test of exogenous allantoin raised chlorophyll content and biomass and reduced O₂^–· production rate and MDA in WT and both transgenic lines, and it also simultaneously reduced differences between RNAi and WT plants caused by XDH deficiency in growth potential and anti-oxidative capacity under dark treatment.  These results suggested that fully functional purine metabolism plays an important role in reducing the sensitivity of rice seedlings to dark stress.