Nitrous oxide emissions following seasonal freeze-thaw events from arable soils in Northeast China

doi:10.1016/S2095-3119(17)61738-6

摘要/Abstract

Abstract: Seasonal soil freeze-thaw events may enhance soil nitrogen transformation and thus stimulate nitrous oxide (N₂O) emissions in cold regions. However, the mechanisms of soil N₂O emission during the freeze-thaw cycling in the field remain unclear. We evaluated N₂O emissions and soil biotic and abiotic factors in maize and paddy fields over 20 months in Northeast China, and the structural equation model (SEM) was used to determine which factors affected N₂O production during non-growing season. Our results verified that the seasonal freeze-thaw cycles mitigated the available soil nitrogen and carbon limitation during spring thawing period, but simultaneously increased the gaseous N₂O-N losses at the annual time scale under field condition. The N₂O-N cumulative losses during the non-growing season amounted to 0.71 and 0.55 kg N ha^–1 for the paddy and maize fields, respectively, and contributed to 66 and 18% of the annual total. The highest emission rates (199.2–257.4 μg m^–2 h^–1) were observed during soil thawing for both fields, but we did not observe an emission peak during soil freezing in early winter. Although the pulses of N₂O emission in spring were short-lived (18 d), it resulted in approximately 80% of the non-growing season N₂O-N loss. The N₂O burst during the spring thawing was triggered by the combined impact of high soil moisture, flush available nitrogen and carbon, and rapid recovery of microbial biomass. SEM analysis indicated that the soil moisture, available substrates including NH₄⁺ and dissolved organic carbon (DOC), and microbial biomass nitrogen (MBN) explained 32, 36, 16 and 51% of the N₂O flux variation, respectively, during the non-growing season. Our results suggested that N₂O emission during the spring thawing make a vital contribution of the annual nitrogen budget, and the vast seasonally frozen and snow-covered croplands will have high potential to exert a positive feedback on climate change considering the sensitive response of nitrogen biogeochemical cycling to the freeze-thaw disturbance.

Key words: N₂O , non-growing season , nitrogen biogeochemical cycling , soil moisture , snow cover , structural equation model

. [J]. Journal of Integrative Agriculture, 2018, 17(01): 231-246.

CHEN Zhe, YANG Shi-qi, ZHANG Ai-ping, JING Xin, SONG Wei-min, MI Zhao-rong, ZHANG Qingwen, WANG Wen-ying, YANG Zheng-li. Nitrous oxide emissions following seasonal freeze-thaw events from arable soils in Northeast China[J]. Journal of Integrative Agriculture, 2018, 17(01): 231-246.

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