Journal of Integrative Agriculture ›› 2016, Vol. 15 ›› Issue (3): 667-677.DOI: 10.1016/S2095-3119(15)61087-5

• 论文 • 上一篇    下一篇

Phosphorus losses via surface runoff in rice-wheat cropping systems as impacted by rainfall regimes and fertilizer applications

 LIU Jian, ZUO Qiang, ZHAI Li-mei, LUO Chun-yan, LIU Hong-bin, WANG Hong-yuan, LIU Shen, ZOU Guo-yuan, REN Tian-zhi   

  1. 1、Key Laboratory of Nonpoint Source Pollution Control, Ministry of Agriculture/Institute of Agricultural Resources and Regional
    Planning, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, P.R.China
    2、Department of Plant Science, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA16802, USA
    3、Institute of Plant Nutrition and Resources, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing 100097, P.R.China
    4、Institute of Agro-Environmental Protection, Ministry of Agriculture, Tianjin 300191, P.R.China
  • 收稿日期:2015-01-23 出版日期:2016-03-07 发布日期:2016-03-09
  • 通讯作者: LIU Hong-bin,Tel: +86-10-82108763, E-mail: liuhongbin@caas.cn
  • 作者简介:LIU Jian, E-mail: jianliu1985yy@163.com; ZUO Qiang,* These authors contributed equally to this study.
  • 基金资助:

    This study was funded by the Special Fund for Agro- Scientific Research in the Public Interest, China (201003014).

Phosphorus losses via surface runoff in rice-wheat cropping systems as impacted by rainfall regimes and fertilizer applications

 LIU Jian, ZUO Qiang, ZHAI Li-mei, LUO Chun-yan, LIU Hong-bin, WANG Hong-yuan, LIU Shen, ZOU Guo-yuan, REN Tian-zhi   

  1. 1、Key Laboratory of Nonpoint Source Pollution Control, Ministry of Agriculture/Institute of Agricultural Resources and Regional
    Planning, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, P.R.China
    2、Department of Plant Science, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA16802, USA
    3、Institute of Plant Nutrition and Resources, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing 100097, P.R.China
    4、Institute of Agro-Environmental Protection, Ministry of Agriculture, Tianjin 300191, P.R.China
  • Received:2015-01-23 Online:2016-03-07 Published:2016-03-09
  • Contact: LIU Hong-bin,Tel: +86-10-82108763, E-mail: liuhongbin@caas.cn
  • About author:LIU Jian, E-mail: jianliu1985yy@163.com; ZUO Qiang,* These authors contributed equally to this study.
  • Supported by:

    This study was funded by the Special Fund for Agro- Scientific Research in the Public Interest, China (201003014).

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摘要： Phosphorus (P) losses from agricultural soils contribute to eutrophication of surface waters. This field plot study investigated effects of rainfall regimes and P applications on P loss by surface runoff from rice (Oryza sativa L.) and wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) cropping systems in Lake Taihu region, China. The study was conducted on two types of paddy soils (Hydromorphic at Anzhen site, Wuxi City, and Degleyed at Xinzhuang site, Changshu City, Jiangsu Province) with different P status, and it covered 3 years with low, high and normal rainfall regimes. Four rates of mineral P fertilizer, i.e., no P (control), 30 kg P ha–1 for rice and 20 kg P ha–1 for wheat (P30+20), 75 plus 40 (P75+40), and 150 plus 80 (P150+80), were applied as treatments. Runoff water from individual plots and runoff events was recorded and analyzed for total P and dissolved reactive P concentrations. Losses of total P and dissolved reactive P significantly increased with rainfall depth and P rates (P<0.0001). Annual total P losses ranged from 0.36–0.92 kg ha–1 in control to 1.13–4.67 kg ha–1 in P150+80 at Anzhen, and correspondingly from 0.36–0.48 kg ha–1 to 1.26–1.88 kg ha–1 at Xinzhuang, with 16–49% of total P as dissolved reactive P. In particular, large amounts of P were lost during heavy rainfall events that occurred shortly after P applications at Anzhen. On average of all P treatments, rice growing season constituted 37–86% of annual total P loss at Anzhen and 28–44% of that at Xinzhuang. In both crop seasons, P concentrations peaked in the first runoff events and decreased with time. During rice growing season, runoff P concentrations positively correlated (P<0.0001) with P concentrations in field ponding water that was intentionally enclosed by construction of field bund. The relative high P loss during wheat growing season at Xinzhuang was due to high soil P status. In conclusion, P should be applied at rates balancing crop removal (20–30 kg P ha–1 in this study) and at time excluding heavy rains. Moreover, irrigation and drainage water should be appropriately managed to reduce runoff P losses from rice-wheat cropping systems.

关键词: double cropping system , intensive agriculture , Lake Taihu region , phosphorus loss , surface runoff , water quality

Abstract: Phosphorus (P) losses from agricultural soils contribute to eutrophication of surface waters. This field plot study investigated effects of rainfall regimes and P applications on P loss by surface runoff from rice (Oryza sativa L.) and wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) cropping systems in Lake Taihu region, China. The study was conducted on two types of paddy soils (Hydromorphic at Anzhen site, Wuxi City, and Degleyed at Xinzhuang site, Changshu City, Jiangsu Province) with different P status, and it covered 3 years with low, high and normal rainfall regimes. Four rates of mineral P fertilizer, i.e., no P (control), 30 kg P ha–1 for rice and 20 kg P ha–1 for wheat (P30+20), 75 plus 40 (P75+40), and 150 plus 80 (P150+80), were applied as treatments. Runoff water from individual plots and runoff events was recorded and analyzed for total P and dissolved reactive P concentrations. Losses of total P and dissolved reactive P significantly increased with rainfall depth and P rates (P<0.0001). Annual total P losses ranged from 0.36–0.92 kg ha–1 in control to 1.13–4.67 kg ha–1 in P150+80 at Anzhen, and correspondingly from 0.36–0.48 kg ha–1 to 1.26–1.88 kg ha–1 at Xinzhuang, with 16–49% of total P as dissolved reactive P. In particular, large amounts of P were lost during heavy rainfall events that occurred shortly after P applications at Anzhen. On average of all P treatments, rice growing season constituted 37–86% of annual total P loss at Anzhen and 28–44% of that at Xinzhuang. In both crop seasons, P concentrations peaked in the first runoff events and decreased with time. During rice growing season, runoff P concentrations positively correlated (P<0.0001) with P concentrations in field ponding water that was intentionally enclosed by construction of field bund. The relative high P loss during wheat growing season at Xinzhuang was due to high soil P status. In conclusion, P should be applied at rates balancing crop removal (20–30 kg P ha–1 in this study) and at time excluding heavy rains. Moreover, irrigation and drainage water should be appropriately managed to reduce runoff P losses from rice-wheat cropping systems.

Key words: double cropping system , intensive agriculture , Lake Taihu region , phosphorus loss , surface runoff , water quality