棉花生长发育模型及其在我国的研究和应用进展

侯彤瑜,郝婷丽,王海江,张泽,吕新

Advances in Cotton Growth and Development Modelling and Its Applications in China

TongYu HOU,TingLi HAO,HaiJiang WANG,Ze ZHANG,Xin LÜ

表1 国外经典棉花生理生态过程模型要点比较

Table 1 Comparisons of four classical cotton growth and development models

模型要素 Model components GOSSYM[5] Cotton2K[10] OZCOT[6] CSM-CROPGRO-Cotton[8] 模型输入 Input 环境 Environment 日尺度气象数据;土壤初始水、氮含量 Daily weather data, initial soil water and nitrogen content 小时尺度气象数据;土壤初始水、氮含量 Hourly weather data, initial soil water and nitrogen content 日尺度气象数据;土壤初始水、氮含量 Daily weather data, initial soil water and nitrogen content 日尺度气象数据;土壤初始水、氮含量 Daily weather data, initial soil water and nitrogen content 品种 Cultivar 品种遗传参数 Genetic coefficients 品种遗传参数 Genetic coefficients 品种遗传参数 Genetic coefficients 品种遗传参数 Genetic coefficients 栽培 Management operations 播期、密度、灌溉、施肥、化调、脱叶 Planting date, plant density, irrigation, fertilizer, growth regulators and defoliation 播期、密度、滴灌、施肥、耕作、化调、脱叶 Planting date, plant density, drip irrigation, fertilizer, tillage, growth regulators and defoliation 播期、密度、灌溉、施肥、脱叶 Planting date, plant density, irrigation, fertilizer and defoliation 播期、密度、灌溉、施肥、留茬、耕作、脱叶 Planting date, plant density, irrigation, fertilizer, residue, tillage and defoliation 生育进程 Phenology 基于日平均温度和碳氮供需平衡调节生育进程 Develop based on daily thermal time and C:N ratio 基于小时尺度平均温度和碳氮供需平衡调节生育进程 Develop based on hourly thermal time and C:N ratio 基于出苗到现蕾所需积温的经验值计算现蕾时间 Based on the empirical accumulating day degrees between sowing and the appearance of the first square 基于生理日数模拟生育进程 Develop based on physiological degree days 物质积累和分配 Dry matter accumulation and allocation 光合 Photosynthesis 基于群体冠层对太阳辐射的截获效率计算潜在光合 Canopy-level radiation interception 基于群体冠层对太阳辐射的截获效率计算潜在光合 Canopy-level radiation interception 基于群体冠层对太阳辐射的截获效率计算潜在光合 Canopy-level radiation interception 将单叶小时尺度的潜在光合整合为日尺度的冠层光合 Leaf-level biochemistry 呼吸 Respiration 基于光强、温度及生物量的经验公式 Uses an empirical function of respiration based on light, air temperature and biomass 由器官的物质构成确定生长呼吸;由光合生产量确定维持呼吸 Calculates growth and maintenance respiration and photorespiration 基于果节数量和温度调节因子的经验公式 Uses empirical functions of respiration based on fruiting site count and air temperature 由器官的物质构成确定生长呼吸;由光合生产量确定维持呼吸 Calculates growth and maintenance respiration 分配 Partitioning 根据各类器官的需求将积累的干物质按比例分配 Allocates carbon to individual growing organs based on the organ's contribution to the total demand 根据各类器官的需求将积累的干物质按比例分配 Allocates carbon to individual growing organs based on the organ's contribution to the total demand 将积累的干物质分配给每个棉铃,以估计棉铃的生长 Allocates carbon to cohort pools for developing bolls 按照生殖器官优先原则和各器官生长需求实现干物质动态分配 Reproductive tissues have first priority, then allocates carbon to single pools for leaves, stems and roots 器官生长 Organ growth 受温度、水分、氮素及碳水化合物供应状态调控的潜在生长 Potential growth with the stresses related to air temperature, water, C, and N 受温度、水分、氮素及碳水化合物供应状态调控的潜在生长 Potential growth with the stresses related to air temperature, water, C, and N 受温度、水分、氮素及碳水化合物供应状态调控的潜在生长 Potential growth with the stresses related to air temperature, water, C, and N 受温度、水分、氮素及碳水化合物供应状态调控的潜在生长 Potential growth with the stresses related to air temperature, water, C, and N 蕾铃脱落 Shedding of buds and bolls 根据蕾铃的碳氮供应模拟生理性脱落;兼顾虫害、阴雨对蕾铃脱落的影响 Physiological shedding based on the carbon and nitrogen stress, and the other shedding based on the insects or weather stresses 根据蕾铃的碳氮供应模拟生理性脱落;兼顾虫害、阴雨对蕾铃脱落的影响 Physiological shedding based on the carbon and nitrogen stress, and the other shedding based on the insects or weather stress 根据棉铃承载力与实际载铃量的比值确定棉铃脱落状态 Shedding based on the ratio of load to carrying capacity 当干物质分配无法满足生殖器官生长需求时即发生脱落 Shedding occurs when dry matter allocation cannot meet the growth needs of reproductive organs 模型要素 Model components GOSSYM[5] Cotton2K[10] OZCOT[6] CSM-CROPGRO-Cotton[8] 水分平衡 Water Balance 土壤 Soil 2D RHIZOS模型 2D RHIZOS model 2D RHIZOS 模型 2D RHIZOS model Ritchie水分平衡 Ritchie model Ritchie水分平衡 Ritchie model 蒸散 ET Ritchie水分平衡 Ritchie model CIMIS彭曼公式 CIMIS Penman model Ritchie水分平衡 Ritchie model FAO-56彭曼公式 FAO-56 氮素平衡 Nitrogen Balance 2D RHIZOS模型 2D RHIZOS model 对2D RHIZOS模型土壤氮素动态平衡模块进行了优化 Optimized 2D RHIZOS model 基于氮素池实现土壤-棉花-器官间氮素动态平衡 Dynamic nitrogen pools 由土壤-棉花氮平衡模块实现土壤-棉花-器官间氮素动态平衡 Based on the soil carbon and nitrogen balance sub module 模型输出 Output 棉花产量、株式图、水分利用效率、氮肥利用效率等 Yield, plant maps, WUE, NUE 棉花产量、株式图、水分利用效率、氮肥利用效率等 Yield, plant maps, WUE, NUE 棉花产量、载铃量、水分利用效率、氮肥利用效率等 Yield, boll load, plant maps, WUE, NUE 棉花产量、生物量、载铃量、水分利用效率、氮肥利用效率等 Yield, biomass, boll load, plant maps, WUE, NUE 应用情况 Application 机理性强,输入参数多,使用前需进行参数校验,在美国植棉区已经广泛应用[1] Mainly applied in the cotton belt of U.S.[1] 针对干旱半干旱环境和栽培措施的优化使其在以色列[10]、新疆[28]等植棉区应用较多 Mainly applied in arid and semi-arid environments such as Israel[10] and Xinjiang China[28] 重点关注棉铃生长和脱落,对底层生理考虑较少,受澳大利亚官方支持应用广泛[2] Mainly applied in Australia [2] 模块化组织提升了开发应用便捷性,目前在美国东南植棉区应用较多[2,32] Mainly appliied in in the southeastern U.S. [2,32]