再生农业——基于土地保护性利用的可持续农业

韩明会,李保国,张丹,李颖

Regenerative Agriculture-Sustainable Agriculture Based on the Conservational Land Use

MingHui HAN,BaoGuo LI,Dan ZHANG,Ying LI

表2 保护性农业与再生农业的比较

Table 2 The comparison between conservation agriculture and regenerative agriculture

农业类型 Agro-type 保护性农业[48,49] Conservation agriculture 再生农业[2] Regenerative agriculture 提出背景 Background 耕作加速土壤荒漠化/退化 Tillage accelerates soil desertification/degradation 有限的耕地如何应对人口增加、粮食和食品安全、极端天气频发、气候变化 Challenges of population growth, food security, climate change etc. 主要原则 Principles 最小土壤扰动;提高生物多样性和保持土壤覆盖 Minimum mechanical soil disturbance; species diversification; permanent soil organic cover 最小土壤扰动;最大化生物多样性;保持土壤覆盖;保持全年活根和引入牲畜[14,15] Minimize soil disturbance; maximize crop diversity; keep the soil covered; maintain living root year-round; integrate livestock 主要措施 Main practices 免耕少耕、轮作、秸秆覆盖还田/覆盖作物 No-till/reduced tillage; crop rotation; soil organic cover (at least 30%) with crop residues and/or cover crops 免耕少耕、轮作、覆盖作物、整体放牧 No-till/reduced tillage; crop rotation; cover crop; holistic grazing 对土壤影响 Impact on soil 改善土壤结构,提高土壤有机质含量;增强土壤持水能力,减少土壤侵蚀,维护生物多样性,控制杂草 Improve soil structure and increase soil organic matter content; enhance soil water retention, reduce soil erosion, maintain biodiversity, and control weeds 改善土壤结构,大幅提高土壤有机质和氮元素含量,增强土壤持水能力,减少水土流失,防止土壤侵蚀,增加生物多样性（尤其是土壤微生物多样性）,控制杂草[25] Improve soil structure, substantially increase soil organic matter and nitrogen content, enhance soil water-holding capacity, reduce soil erosion, prevent soil erosion, increase biodiversity (especially soil microbial diversity), and control weeds 减少化肥投入 Fertilizer 在一年一季的地区可以减少氮肥投入,但某些地区需要增加氮肥投入,调节因为秸秆还田而不平衡的碳氮比[37, 44] Nitrogen fertilizer input can be reduced in seasonal areas, but it needs to be increased in some areas to adjust the imbalance of carbon nitrogen ratio due to straw returning 养分有机转化以及整体放牧的粪肥,能够减少无机化肥投入 Organic conversion of nutrients and integrated grazing of manure can reduce the input of inorganic fertilizers 动物福利 Animal welfare 无影响 No effect 提升动物福利,提高畜牧产量和质量[4] Improve animal welfare, livestock production and quality 国外发展情况 Development abroad 免耕少耕和秸秆还田已大面积推广 No-till/reduced tillage and straw returning have been widely spread 覆盖作物和整体放牧初具规模,发展迅速 Cover crops and holistic grazing have taken shape and developed rapidly 我国发展情况 Development in China 免耕少耕和秸秆还田在我国多省快速发展[50] No-till/reduced tillage and straw returning are developing rapidly in many provinces of China 覆盖作物和整体放牧尚未得到发展 Cover crops and holistic grazing have not been developed