再生农业——基于土地保护性利用的可持续农业
韩明会,李保国,张丹,李颖

Regenerative Agriculture-Sustainable Agriculture Based on the Conservational Land Use
MingHui HAN,BaoGuo LI,Dan ZHANG,Ying LI
表2 保护性农业与再生农业的比较
Table 2 The comparison between conservation agriculture and regenerative agriculture
农业类型
Agro-type
保护性农业[48,49]
Conservation agriculture
再生农业[2]
Regenerative agriculture
提出背景
Background
耕作加速土壤荒漠化/退化
Tillage accelerates soil desertification/degradation
有限的耕地如何应对人口增加、粮食和食品安全、极端天气频发、气候变化
Challenges of population growth, food security, climate change etc.
主要原则
Principles
最小土壤扰动;提高生物多样性和保持土壤覆盖
Minimum mechanical soil disturbance; species diversification; permanent soil organic cover
最小土壤扰动;最大化生物多样性;保持土壤覆盖;保持全年活根和引入牲畜[14,15]
Minimize soil disturbance; maximize crop diversity; keep the soil covered; maintain living root year-round; integrate livestock
主要措施
Main practices
免耕少耕、轮作、秸秆覆盖还田/覆盖作物
No-till/reduced tillage; crop rotation; soil organic cover (at least 30%) with crop residues and/or cover crops
免耕少耕、轮作、覆盖作物、整体放牧
No-till/reduced tillage; crop rotation; cover crop; holistic grazing
对土壤影响
Impact on soil
改善土壤结构,提高土壤有机质含量;增强土壤持水能力,减少土壤侵蚀,维护生物多样性,控制杂草
Improve soil structure and increase soil organic matter content; enhance soil water retention, reduce soil erosion, maintain biodiversity, and control weeds
改善土壤结构,大幅提高土壤有机质和氮元素含量,增强土壤持水能力,减少水土流失,防止土壤侵蚀,增加生物多样性(尤其是土壤微生物多样性),控制杂草[25]
Improve soil structure, substantially increase soil organic matter and nitrogen content, enhance soil water-holding capacity, reduce soil erosion, prevent soil erosion, increase biodiversity (especially soil microbial diversity), and control weeds
减少化肥投入
Fertilizer
在一年一季的地区可以减少氮肥投入,但某些地区需要增加氮肥投入,调节因为秸秆还田而不平衡的碳氮比[37, 44]
Nitrogen fertilizer input can be reduced in seasonal areas, but it needs to be increased in some areas to adjust the imbalance of carbon nitrogen ratio due to straw returning
养分有机转化以及整体放牧的粪肥,能够减少无机化肥投入
Organic conversion of nutrients and integrated grazing of manure can reduce the input of inorganic fertilizers
动物福利
Animal welfare
无影响
No effect
提升动物福利,提高畜牧产量和质量[4]
Improve animal welfare, livestock production and quality
国外发展情况
Development abroad
免耕少耕和秸秆还田已大面积推广
No-till/reduced tillage and straw returning have been widely spread
覆盖作物和整体放牧初具规模,发展迅速
Cover crops and holistic grazing have taken shape and developed rapidly
我国发展情况
Development in China
免耕少耕和秸秆还田在我国多省快速发展[50]
No-till/reduced tillage and straw returning are developing rapidly in many provinces of China
覆盖作物和整体放牧尚未得到发展
Cover crops and holistic grazing have not been developed