不同覆盖时期和覆盖方式对旱地冬小麦经济和环境效应的影响

毛安然,赵护兵,杨慧敏,王涛,陈秀文,梁文娟

Effects of Different Mulching Periods and Mulching Practices on Economic Return and Environment

MAO AnRan,ZHAO HuBing,YANG HuiMin,WANG Tao,CHEN XiuWen,LIANG WenJuan

表1 田间试验设计

Table 1 Field experimental design

主处理 Main plot 副处理 Subplot 收获后地表处理 Surface treatment after the harvest 播前 Before seeding 播种 Sowing 夏闲期 Summer fallow period 垄沟覆盖RM+FS 上季小麦收获后翻地起垄,垄上覆膜,沟内覆盖当季收获的秸秆,垄宽35 cm,沟宽30 cm The plot was plowed after the last wheat harvest, 35 cm-wide ridges and 30 cm-wide furrows were created, plastic mulch was placed on top of the ridge and wheat straw from the harvest crop was placed in the furrow 下季小麦播前移走覆盖物,施肥旋耕 The plastic film and wheat straw was manually removed from the plot before the next wheat seeding, after which the plot was applied basal fertilizer and plowed 常规平作,行宽20 cm Conventional flatten culture with 20 cm spacing between rows 全膜覆盖 PM 上季小麦收获后翻地,地膜全地面覆盖,膜上覆土1 cm The plot was plowed after the last wheat harvest, the whole soil surface was mulched with plastic film and evenly covered with 1 cm of soil 下季小麦播前移走覆盖物,施肥旋耕 The plastic film was manually removed from the plot before the next wheat seeding, after which the plot was applied basal fertilizer and plowed 常规平作,行宽20 cm Conventional flatten culture with 20 cm spacing between rows 秸秆覆盖 SM 麦秆全地面覆盖,覆盖量10 t·hm-2 Wheat straw (10 t·hm-2) was applied over the whole soil surface during the summer fallow 下季小麦播前移走覆盖物,施肥旋耕 The wheat straw was manually removed from the plot before the next wheat seeding, after which the plot was applied basal fertilizer and plowed 常规平作,行宽20 cm Conventional flatten culture with 20 cm spacing between rows 周年 Year- round 垄覆沟播 RM+FS 上季小麦收获后,沟内覆盖当季收获的秸秆,保留覆盖处理至夏闲期结束 Wheat straw from the harvest crop was placed in the furrow after the last wheat harvest and mulching treatment was retained until the end of the summer fallow 下季小麦播前移走覆盖物,施肥旋耕后起垄覆盖,垄宽35 cm,沟宽30 cm The plastic film and wheat straw was manually removed from the plot before seeding, after which the plot was applied basal fertilizer and plowed, 35 cm-wide ridges and 30 cm-wide furrows were created before the next wheat seeding. Plastic mulch is placed on top of the ridge 沟内种2行小麦,小麦行距20 cm,小麦行和地膜相距5 cm The wheat was manually planted in each furrow in two rows 20 cm spacing, ensuring that the wheat was 5 cm away from each ridge 全膜穴播 PM 上季小麦收获后,保留覆盖处理至夏闲期结束 Mulching treatment was retained after the last wheat harvest until the end of the summer fallow 下季小麦播前移走覆盖物,施肥旋耕后地膜全地面覆盖,膜上覆土1 cm The plastic film was manually removed from the plot before the next wheat seeding, after which the plot was applied basal fertilizer and plowed, The whole soil surface was mulched with plastic film and evenly covered with 1 cm of soil 小麦行距20 cm,株距12 cm,每穴播10粒左右 The wheat was manually sown in shallow holes with 20 cm spacing between rows and 12 cm spacing within rows 秸秆覆盖 SM 上季小麦收获后,保留覆盖处理至夏闲期结束 Mulching treatment was retained after the last wheat harvest until the end of the summer fallow 下季小麦播前移走覆盖物,施肥旋耕 The wheat straw was manually removed from the plot before the next wheat seeding, after which the plot was applied basal fertilizer and plowed 常规平作,行宽20 cm,播后麦草全地面覆盖,覆盖量10 t·hm-2 Conventional flatten culture with 20 cm spacing between rows. Wheat straw (10 t·hm-2) was applied after seeding