| 水平 Scale | 设计 Design | 工作内容 Design contents | | 微观水平Micro-scale | 基因设计
Gene design | 基因定点敲除、诱变与编辑、RNA干扰、转基因、分子标记辅助选择
单基因：最佳等位基因
多基因：最佳结合体（单倍型）和互作类型
Site-directed gene knockout, mutation, and gene editing; RNA interference, transgenes, marker-assisted selection
Single genes: Best alleles
Multiple genes: Best combinations (haplotypes) and interactions | 代谢设计
Metabolism design | 代谢途径的替换、修饰和改良。实例：C4水稻,高光效小麦
Substitution, modification and improvement of metabolic pathways. For example, rice with C4 pathway and wheat with high-photosynthetic efficiency | 网络设计
Network design | 网络调控因子、网络结构、网络节点和边界等的设计。实例：直播稻与旱稻
Design of network regulators, network structure, network nodes and borders, etc.. For example, direct-seeding and drought-resistant rice | | 宏观水平Macro-scale | 个体设计
Individual design | 形态、产物分配、耐逆性、个体间相互作用、性状间互作和协调
Morphology, assimilate distribution, stress tolerance, individual interaction, trait interaction and complementation | 群体设计
Population design | 结构优化、生态稳定、光合效率、源库协调和补偿
Structure optimization, ecological stabilization, photosynthetic efficiency, source-sink coordination and compensation | 物种设计
Species design | 结合不同物种的优良性状,适合不同环境和生态的新型农作物: 环境友好型、资源节约型、产物多样型、用途可塑型
Integration of favorable traits from different species and adaptation to different ecological environments: environment-friendly, resource-saving, product-diversified, and usage-flexible |
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