晋南黄土旱塬小麦养分投入与化肥减施经济环境效应评价

马红梅,曹寒冰,谢英荷,李廷亮,刘凯,张奇茹,姜丽伟,曹静,邵靖琳,武文玥,栗文琪

Evaluation on Fertilizer Application and Its Economic-Environmental Benefits Associated with Fertilizer Reduction Potential for Dryland Wheat in Loess Plateau of Southern Shanxi Province

MA HongMei,CAO HanBing,XIE YingHe,LI TingLiang,LIU Kai,ZHANG QiRu,JIANG LiWei,CAO Jing,SHAO JingLin,WU WenYue,LI WenQi

表6 化肥减施前后对小麦经济效益及养分利用的影响

Table 6 Effects of before and after fertilizer reduction on wheat yield, economic benefits and nutrient utilization

养分投入分级 Nutrient input level 减肥前后 Before or after fertilization reduced 指标 Index 产量水平Yield level（kg·hm-2） ≤2200 2200-3200 3200-4200 4200-5200 >5200 Mean 适中 Middle 减肥前 Before fertilization reduced 纯收入Net income（yuan/hm2） 1793 3581 6381 8291 16292 7268 农学效率 Agronomic efficiency (kg·kg-1) N 7.9 14.3 18.9 20.1 25.5 17.3 P 15.9 28.8 38.4 42.9 57.6 36.7 K 34.5 60.8 72.1 86.9 88.1 68.5 偏生产力 Partial productivity (kg·kg-1) N 29.1 30.7 30.0 29.0 31.1 30.0 P 58.6 61.6 61.1 62.0 70.3 62.7 K 127.2 129.9 114.5 125.5 107.5 120.9 减肥后 After fertilization reduced 纯收入Net income（yuan/hm2） 1800 3568 6402 8294 16272 7267 农学效率 Agronomic efficiency (kg·kg-1) N 8.2 14.6 19 20.5 25.6 17.6 P 16.6 29.7 38.7 41.7 52.1 35.8 K 33.8 60.4 78.9 85 106.2 72.9 偏生产力 Partial productivity（kg·kg-1） 29.8（N）、60.6（P）、123.5（K）。下同The same as below 高 High 减肥前 Before fertilization reduced 纯收入Net income（yuan/hm2） 1015 3346 5815 7995 12982 6231 农学效率 Agronomic efficiency (kg·kg-1) N 3.6 11.6 15.2 18.1 20.5 13.8 P 7.3 22.5 31.3 35.0 39.7 27.1 K 17.9 48.0 61.8 69.7 81.1 55.7 偏生产力 Partial productivity（kg·kg-1） N 22.7 24.8 24.6 26.1 25.9 24.8 P 45.2 48.1 50.8 50.6 50.4 49.0 K 111.2 102.9 100.3 100.8 102.9 103.6 减肥后 After fertilization reduced 纯收入Net income（yuan/hm2） 1147 3541 6073 8258 13389 6482 农学效率 Agronomic efficiency (kg·kg-1) N 4.4 14.2 18.5 20.8 24.2 16.4 P 9.0 28.8 37.7 42.3 49.3 33.4 K 18.3 58.7 76.7 86.1 100.4 68.0 很高 Very high 减肥前 Before fertilization reduced 纯收入Net income（yuan/hm2） -908 1044 3241 3115 8576 3014 农学效率 Agronomic efficiency (kg·kg-1) N 0.1 4.1 6.4 6.9 9.0 5.3 P 0.2 6.7 10.2 7.4 13.1 7.5 K 0.4 12.6 19.3 13.0 20.5 13.2 偏生产力 Partial productivity（kg·kg-1） N 7.8 8.8 10.5 9.8 11.4 9.6 P 14.6 14.0 16.8 10.6 16.6 14.5 K 23.4 26.9 31.1 18.8 26 25.3 减肥后 After fertilization reduced 纯收入Net income（yuan/hm2） 580 3593 5980 8377 13666 6439 农学效率 (kg·kg-1) Agronomic efficiency N 0.5 14.0 18.2 20.7 24.2 15.5 P 1.0 28.5 37.0 42.2 49.3 31.6 K 2.0 58.0 75.4 85.9 100.4 64.3