发芽及挤压膨化对糙米挥发性风味物质的影响

陈焱芳,张名位,张雁,邓媛元,魏振承,唐小俊,刘光,李萍

Effects of Germination and Extrusion on Volatile Flavor Compounds in Brown Rice

CHEN YanFang,ZHANG MingWei,ZHANG Yan,DENG YuanYuan,WEI ZhenCheng,TANG XiaoJun,LIU Guang,LI Ping

表1 不同糙米样品的挥发性风味化合物及其含量

Table 1 Volatile flavor compounds and their contents in different brown rice samples

编号 Number 化合物 Compounds 保留指数 Retention index 含量 Content (μg/100 g DW) 鉴定依据 Identification Ref. Cal. 糙米 Brown rice 挤压膨化糙米 Extruded brown rice 发芽糙米 Germinated brown rice 挤压膨化发芽糙米 Extruded germinated brown rice 醛类 Aldehydes 235.42 783.82 201.57 1407.58 A1 3-甲基丁醛 Butanal, 3-methyl- 658 653 — 12.84±0.15a — 47.1±1.04b MS, RI A2 戊醛 Pentanal 697 705 — — — 13.61±2.49a MS, RI A3 己醛 Hexanal 803 803 183.10±8.51a 612.88±26.20b 171.31±11.86a 1191.02±61.49c MS, RI A4 庚醛 heptanal 903 906 10.81±0.27a 29.79±1.15c 7.39±0.78a 24.33±2.00b MS, RI A5 苯甲醛 Benzaldehyde 960 966 — 8.38±1.19a — 11.15±1.21a MS, RI A6 壬醛 Nonanal 1106 1109 36.35±3.48b 119.93±6.24c 19.67±1.52a 114.43±1.18c MS, RI A7 癸醛 Decanal 1206 1210 5.16±1.06ab — 3.20±0.36a 5.94±0.24b MS, RI 醇类 Alcohols 133.75 11.11 144.22 73.60 B1 正丁醇 1-Butanol 676 667 16.14±1.6a — 16.53±5.65a 65.22±10.86b MS, RI B2 3-甲基丁醇 1-Butanol, 3-methyl- 736 737 — — 2.11±0.29a — MS, RI B3 正己醇 1-Hexanol 870 873 108.37±4.54a — 119.72±1.48b — MS, RI B4 1-辛烯-3-醇 1-Octen-3-ol 984 985 7.22±0.15a 11.11±0.87b — 8.38±1.01a MS, RI B5 2-乙基-1-己醇 1-Hexanol, 2-ethyl- 1031 1032 2.02±0.22a — 5.86±0.16b — MS, RI 萜烯类 Terpenes 59.45 13.09 6.07 190.98 C1 α-蒎烯 alpha-Pinene 935 937 3.59±0.21b — 1.08±0.12a 8.35±0.69c MS, RI C2 4-乙基己烯 1-Hexene, 4-ethyl- 947 — 3.22±0.44a — — MS C3 β-蒎烯 beta-Pinene 987 980 1.60±0.03a — — — MS, RI C4 D-柠檬烯 D-Limonene 1029 1028 — 9.87±0.24b 5.00±1.43a — MS, RI C5 对薄荷-1(7),3-二烯 β-Terpinene 1056 1030 54.26±7.88a — — 182.63±9.57b MS 酯类 Esters 0.00 250.24 0.00 555.04 D1 乙酸乙酯 Ethyl acetate 621 625 — 245.44±1.02a — 547.10±17.58b MS, RI D2 乙酸丁酯 Acetic acid, butyl ester 815 820 — 4.80±0.78a — 7.94±2.12a MS, RI 芳香烃Arenes 82.04 494.45 5.43 106.73 E1 甲苯 Toluene 760 765 33.50±5.17b 366.58±0.47c 3.99±1.08a 37.76±2.21b MS, RI E2 乙苯 Ethylbenzene 858 863 8.26±1.29a 17.53±0.64b — 8.12±0.16a MS, RI E3 对二甲苯 p-Xylene 867 867 11.80±0.39ab 48.92±6.43c 1.44±0.61a 21.01±0.36b MS, RI E4 邻二甲苯 o-Xylene 888 891 28.48±1.44a 61.41±0.27c — 39.84±0.13b MS, RI 杂环化合物 Heterocyclic compounds 2.03 91.83 5.63 177.50 F1 吡啶 Pyridine 741 748 — — — 74.22±14.72a MS, RI F2 2-乙酰-1-吡咯啉 2-Acetyl-1-pyrroline 918 921 2.03±0.4a 4.87±1.56b — 0.59±0.2a MS, RI F3 2-戊基呋喃 Furan, 2-pentyl- 992 994 — 80.97±1.94b 5.63±0.86a 97.79±2.97c MS, RI 其他Others 0.00 0.00 0.00 4.90 G1 二甲基硫醚 Dimethyl sulfide 521 528 — — — 4.90±0.61a MS, RI G2 正丁醚 n-Butyl ether 987 — 5.99±0.11a — — MS 总计Total 512.70 1644.54 362.92 2511.43