有机肥替代化肥对旱地小麦产量和养分利用效率的影响及其经济环境效应

张奇茹,谢英荷,李廷亮,刘凯,姜丽伟,曹静,邵靖琳

Effects of Organic Fertilizers Replacing Chemical Fertilizers on Yield, Nutrient Use Efficiency, Economic and Environmental Benefits of Dryland Wheat

ZHANG QiRu,XIE YingHe,LI TingLiang,LIU Kai,JIANG LiWei,CAO Jing,SHAO JingLin

表5 2013—2018年各处理肥料利用效率

Table 5 Utilization efficiency of fertilizers processed from 2013 to 2018

年份 Year 处理 Treatment 表观回收率 Apparent recovery (%) 农学效率 Agronomic efficiency (kg·kg-1) 偏生产力 Partial productivity (kg·kg-1) Nitrogen fertilizer Phosphate fertilizer Potassium fertilizer Nitrogen fertilizer Phosphate fertilizer Potassium fertilizer Nitrogen fertilizer Phosphate fertilizer Potassium fertilizer 2013—2014 FP 25.0a 18.0b — 10.1a 25.2a — 30.4b 76.0b — OF 20.9b 16.3b 247.5a 8.1a 12.0b 24.0a 55.2ab 82.0b 163.9b OFM 22.1ab 27.0a 219.0b 7.5a 11.2b 22.4a 59.9a 88.8a 177.7a OFB 26.7a 26.6a 219.3b 8.3a 12.4b 24.7a 62.0a 92.1a 184.2a 2014—2015 FP 11.5c 17.2c — 2.6b 6.4cd — 31.4b 78.6b — OF 20.6b 18.7c 40.2c 2.5b 5.1d 8.1b 48.1a 97.1a 168.4b OFM 24.8ab 36.2b 116.1ab 11.5a 10.3ab 18.6a 49.9a 100.7a 174.5a OFB 30.1a 48.8a 130.6a 13.1a 11.7a 21.4a 51.4a 103.9a 180.0a 2015—2016 FP 12.3b 14.7b — 5.6b 9.7a — 22.2b 55.6b — OF 46.8a 29.1a 43.9b 20.7a 42.9a 52.4a 33.6a 69.6ab 85.0a OFM 51.5a 21.1ab 40.9b 21.6a 44.8a 54.8a 34.6a 71.7ab 87.7a OFB 58.2a 23.8ab 53.3a 25.2a 52.3a 63.9a 36.0a 74.7a 91.3a 2016—2017 FP 11.5c 27.2c — 3.6b 3.6b — 27.7c 69.2b — OF 21.6b 28.7c 42.2c 5.5b 5.4b 8.1b 41.4b 50.2c 175.6b OFM 30.3a 48.8a 85.6a 12.0a 12.0a 21.4a 64.5a 78.3a 184.6a OFB 34.2a 48.6a 86.5a 13.1a 13.1a 20.6a 66.6a 80.8a 190.7a 2017—2018 FP 13.2b 33.0a — 4.7b 11.8a — 19.5c 48.8a — OF 20.6b 10.4b 73.8b 7.4b 3.7b 14.2b 36.9b 27.9c 106.9b OFM 37.6a 19.0b 72.6b 13.4a 6.8b 25.9ab 41.0ab 31.0bc 118.6ab OFB 44.8a 22.6ab 86.5a 16.0a 8.1ab 30.9a 42.7a 32.3b 123.6a 平均值 Mean FP 14.7c 22.0ab — 5.3c 11.3a — 26.3c 65.6a — OF 26.1b 20.6b 89.5a 8.9bc 13.8a 21.4b 43.0b 65.4a 140.0c OFM 33.2ab 30.4ab 106.8a 13.2ab 17.0a 28.6a 50.0ab 74.1a 148.6b OFB 38.8a 34.1a 115.2a 15.2a 19.5a 32.3a 51.8a 76.8a 153.9a