畜禽场空气污染物检测技术综述

汪开英,吴捷刚,赵晓洋

Review of Measurement Technologies for Air Pollutants at Livestock and Poultry Farms

WANG KaiYing,WU JieGang,ZHAO Xiaoyang

表6 畜禽场恶臭成分分析方法

Table 6 Analysis methods for odor components from livestock and poultry farm

成分分析方法 Component analysis method 原理 Theory 检测物质 Substance detected 优点 Advantages 缺点 Disadvantages 参考文献 References 湿化学法 Wet-chemical method 利用被测气体成分与示剂的化学反应来测定气体浓度 Determination of gas concentration by chemical reaction between measured gases and indicators NH3、H2S、SO2、硫醇类物质等 NH3, H2S, SO2, thiols, etc. 方法成熟,检测精度较高 mature method and high precision 检测时间较长 Longer detection time [107] 气体探测管 Gas tubes 利用被测气体成分附着在固体指示剂表面的显色反应来测定气体浓度 Determination of gas concentration by color reaction of the gas components attached to the surface of the solid indicators NH3、H2S、二甲基硫醚等 NH3, H2S, dimethyl sulfide, etc. 使用方便 Convenience of usage 检测精度较低 Low detection accuracy [108, 109] 气相色谱分析法 Gas chromatography 利用不同组分在流动相（载气）和固定相间的分配差异进行分离 Separation of different components between mobile phase (carrier gas) and stationary phase H2S、CS2、甲苯、二甲苯、吲哚类物质等 H2S, CS2, toluene, xylene, indole, etc. 分析速度快,灵敏度高 Fast analysis and high sensitivity 无法反映恶臭的气味特征,采样容器易造成样品污染和损失 Unable to reflect the smell characteristics of odors; samples easy to get polluted [110-112] 质谱分析法 Mass spectrometry 将样品离子化,变为气态离子混合物,并按质荷比（m/z）分离,从而测定物质的质量与含量及其结构 Ionized into a gaseous ion mixture and separated according to the mass charge ratio (m/z), so as to determine the mass, content and structure of the substance. 甲苯、二甲苯、等 Toluene, xylene, etc. 分析对象范围广泛、检测灵敏度高 Wide range and high sensitivity 仪器使用、维护成本高 High cost [113-116] 色谱-质谱联用法 Chromatography-mass spectrometry 结合气相色谱法对混合物的高效分离能力与质谱法对纯化合物的准确定性能力对恶臭进行分析 Analysis of odor by high efficientseparation of mixtures by gas chromatography and accurate qualitative analysis of pure compounds by mass spectrometry SO2、甲苯、二甲苯、等多种恶臭物质 SO2, toluene, xylene, etc. 结合色谱法与质谱法优点 Combined advantages of chromatography and mass spectrometry 仪器使用、维护成本高 High cost [117-120]