超声波对猕猴桃片的渗糖效果及干燥能耗与品质的影响

曾祥媛,赵武奇,卢丹,吴妮,孟永宏,高贵田,雷玉山

Effects of Ultrasound on the Sugar Permeability Effect, Drying Energy Consumption and Quality of Kiwifruit Slices

ZENG XiangYuan,ZHAO WuQi,LU Dan,WU Ni,MENG YongHong,GAO GuiTian,LEI YuShan

表2 响应面试验设计与结果

Table 2 Response surface experimental design and results

编号 Code 时间 Time (min) 温度 Tempe- rature (℃) 蔗糖浓度 Sucrose concen- tration (°Brix) 超声声 能密度 Ultrasonic density (W·mL-1) 硬度 Hard- ness (g) 黏性 Adhesive- ness 弹性 Spring- iness 粘聚性 Cohesi- veness 胶粘性Gummi- ness (g) 咀嚼性 Chewi- ness (g) 回复性Resilie- nce L* a* b* ΔE 可滴定酸 Titratable acid (%) 叶绿素 保存率 Chlorophyll preservation rate (%) 含糖量 Sugar content (%) SG (%) WL (%) TSS (%) 维生素C 保存率 Vitamin C preservation rate (%) 单位能耗 Unit energy consumption (kJ·g-1) 1 60 50 60 0.75 3390.83 -1.64 0.84 0.55 1881.13 1573.14 0.18 74.07 2.24 29.83 24.31 1.58 89.18 31.02 18.90 20.79 39 81.20 18.5 2 50 40 50 0.88 1204.52 -4.75 0.84 0.55 660.23 555.24 0.18 79.00 -0.43 28.40 28.45 1.40 79.76 35.70 17.85 18.51 36 83.65 17 3 50 50 50 0.75 1953.03 -0.94 0.84 0.54 1063.70 893.56 0.18 74.57 0.50 32.16 24.25 1.88 83.74 37.26 11.07 26.01 38 85.74 19 4 60 40 50 0.75 1841.43 -5.02 0.84 0.55 1006.10 840.62 0.18 66.53 0.27 24.23 19.91 1.40 95.19 38.83 5.74 19.55 37 88.56 18.5 5 50 50 60 0.63 1539.59 -3.15 0.84 0.55 850.97 712.38 0.18 73.01 1.27 30.29 22.98 1.84 89.17 37.89 16.82 19.13 34 90.11 13.5 6 40 50 50 0.88 1726.83 -4.19 0.84 0.56 961.76 804.74 0.18 75.17 -0.51 32.28 24.59 1.23 79.35 36.47 8.63 22.80 42 88.11 14 7 50 60 50 0.88 1518.26 -8.65 0.85 0.56 842.82 720.18 0.18 65.51 1.06 32.86 18.01 1.23 81.14 37.51 17.80 30.78 45 85.75 18 8 40 50 60 0.75 1585.42 -5.01 0.79 0.47 738.27 580.53 0.12 61.78 -0.06 23.41 16.35 1.23 80.97 36.92 7.63 19.87 38 83.02 13 9 40 50 40 0.75 1636.43 -0.37 0.84 0.55 893.02 748.93 0.18 58.26 4.81 27.61 15.34 1.40 91.19 37.90 12.03 27.07 41 89.32 19.5 10 60 50 40 0.75 1937.21 -1.79 0.81 0.55 1071.53 872.66 0.18 51.75 3.16 26.22 12.38 1.66 90.34 37.89 15.19 31.64 38 91.63 20 11 60 60 50 0.75 1374.73 -2.17 0.84 0.55 751.64 631.31 0.18 58.50 2.43 24.40 14.99 1.14 80.10 31.90 17.53 22.27 33 82.79 16 12 40 60 50 0.75 889.14 -0.97 0.83 0.56 495.18 410.31 0.19 62.83 2.04 24.05 17.78 2.01 79.58 37.42 11.88 20.48 42 84.46 17 13 50 50 50 0.75 1828.27 -1.74 0.84 0.55 997.71 836.14 0.18 46.66 3.40 18.16 18.64 1.66 77.84 36.88 13.93 22.36 36 87.98 21 14 50 40 60 0.75 1614.36 -0.94 0.84 0.56 902.19 760.58 0.19 67.82 2.85 29.42 18.88 2.45 79.18 37.72 9.74 19.44 35 83.19 17.5 15 60 50 50 0.88 1284.56 -3.20 0.78 0.52 665.40 517.79 0.14 72.31 1.63 31.48 22.41 1.75 80.97 36.89 16.61 35.61 39 88.95 18 16 50 40 40 0.75 1941.43 -1.44 0.84 0.55 1058.63 885.31 0.17 78.30 1.10 31.91 27.99 1.40 91.38 31.69 11.47 26.62 35 95.41 15.5 17 50 40 50 0.63 1200.52 -6.41 0.84 0.55 659.88 552.85 0.18 70.45 1.10 31.01 20.48 1.66 93.05 37.59 13.67 35.51 32 82.55 21 18 50 60 60 0.75 781.97 -10.40 0.85 0.56 436.68 371.61 0.18 66.95 0.06 26.20 17.55 1.49 95.60 37.56 11.26 26.98 37 83.34 13.5 19 50 50 50 0.75 1828.27 -1.74 0.84 0.55 997.71 836.14 0.18 46.66 3.40 18.16 16.64 1.66 77.84 36.88 13.93 22.36 36 87.98 21 20 40 50 50 0.63 1058.95 -0.62 0.82 0.55 582.71 480.64 0.18 63.27 0.44 28.41 15.91 1.31 87.21 35.84 18.44 35.83 36 81.35 15 21 60 50 50 0.63 1631.72 -2.40 0.82 0.55 894.86 731.25 0.16 47.24 1.26 18.62 16.99 1.31 80.45 36.70 17.49 29.27 42 89.24 13.5 22 50 50 40 0.88 1590.44 -3.95 0.83 0.55 880.65 731.76 0.18 68.03 3.11 30.81 19.10 1.49 91.78 39.03 6.73 18.73 33 95.47 22 23 50 50 50 0.75 1953.03 -0.94 0.84 0.54 1063.70 893.56 0.18 74.57 0.50 32.16 24.25 1.88 83.74 37.26 11.07 26.01 38 85.74 19 24 50 50 60 0.88 1196.24 -0.70 0.84 0.55 661.65 553.66 0.18 78.00 0.63 31.75 27.58 1.88 92.48 38.00 9.07 22.93 36 82.12 17 25 50 50 50 0.75 1953.03 -0.94 0.84 0.54 1063.70 893.56 0.18 74.57 0.50 32.16 24.25 1.88 83.74 37.26 11.07 26.01 38 85.74 19 26 50 60 50 0.63 1920.91 -3.30 0.84 0.56 1082.32 905.49 0.18 60.25 -0.70 24.08 14.61 1.66 82.94 36.93 12.45 21.21 40 82.68 17.5 27 50 60 40 0.75 2592.37 -0.45 0.84 0.55 1420.48 1191.78 0.18 70.59 1.55 28.36 20.96 1.75 77.50 37.47 17.60 20.27 35 81.92 20.5 28 50 50 40 0.63 1384.35 -1.54 0.78 0.53 729.24 571.65 0.15 69.37 2.07 31.74 19.86 1.23 97.28 31.24 19.24 20.14 36 94.17 19.5 29 40 40 50 0.75 1826.97 -2.85 0.83 0.55 1003.09 832.33 0.18 61.64 2.38 23.42 17.42 1.49 88.31 37.81 15.52 34.80 34 90.79 18