水提法
Water extraction | 以水为溶剂,在沸腾状态下,使苦杏仁苷从苦杏仁内部向水中转移
Using water as solvent, amygdalin was transferred from inside apricot kernels to water under boiling condition | 水对苦杏仁组织穿透能力强,提取效率高,在生产上使用安全,可同时提取到其他水溶性成分
Water has strong penetrating ability to apricot kernels tissue, high extraction efficiency, safe use in production, and can extract other water-soluble components at the same time | 提取液中蛋白质含量高,易于变质发霉,提取时料液比较大,难于浓缩,热水使D-型苦杏仁苷易发生差向异构化
The extracted liquid has high protein content and is prone to deterioration and mildew, hot water makes D-type amygdalin prone to differential isomerization | [68-69]
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醇提法
Alcohol Extraction method | 采用回流提取和水浴震荡提取,而后将提取液浓缩结晶即可得到苦杏仁苷粗品
The crude amygdalin was extracted by reflux extraction and water bath shock extraction, then concentrated and crystallized the extract | 操作简便,效果较好,易于推广
Easy to operate, good extraction effect and easy to spread | 耗时较长,提取效率较低
Time-consuming, cumbersome operation, low extraction efficiency | [70-71]
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超声波提取
Ultrasonication extraction | 采用超声波处理苦杏仁提取苦杏仁苷
Amygdalin was extracted from apricot kernels by ultrasonic treatment | 提取率高,杂质含量低,有效成分含量高,免去了高温对提取成分的影响,节省能源,产生废弃物少
High extraction efficiency, low impurity content, high active component content of amygdalin, saves energy and produces less waste | 需要使用超声波设备,成本较高
Need to use ultrasonic equipment, high cost | [72-73] |
微波辅助提取
Microwave assisted extraction | 采用微波处理苦杏仁提取苦杏仁苷
Amygdalin was extracted from apricot kernels by microwave treatment | 可以快速杀酶且无须烘干
The enzyme can be destroyed quickly without drying | 市场上尚无工业化生产设备,受热均匀性暂时难以解决,缺乏标准化方法
Lack of industrial production equipment and standardized methods, heat uniformity is difficult to solve | [74] |