食用农产品特征性品质指标筛选方法探讨

梁颖,李艺,张留娟,刘贤金,陆柏益

Discussion on the Definition and Screening Method of Characteristic Quality Indicators of Edible Agricultural Products

Ying LIANG,Yi LI,LiuJuan ZHANG,XianJin LIU,BaiYi LU

表1 食用农产品品质指标组成

Table 1 The composition of quality index of edible agricultural products

品质指标类别 The category of quality index 品质指标组成 The composition of quality index 感官指标 Sensory index 外观 Appearance 色泽、新鲜度、整齐度、成熟度、完整度、缺陷率（病斑、虫斑、果锈等）等 Colour, freshness, regularity, maturity, integrity, defect rate (disease spot, insect spot, fruit rust, etc.) 质地 Texture 硬度、脆度、黏度、弹性、粘附性、粘聚性、易碎性等 Hardness, brittleness, viscosity, elasticity, adhesion, cohesiveness, fragility, etc. 风味 Flavor 口腔触感、味感（甜、咸、苦、鲜、涩、辛辣等）、嗅觉等 Oral touch, taste (sweet, salty, bitter, umami, astringent, spicy, etc.), olfaction, etc. 规格指标 Specification index 大小 Size 长度、横径、纵径等 Length, transverse diameter, longitudinal diameter, etc. 形状 Shape 条形（弓形高度、横径差）、果形端正、畸形果等 Strip shape (arch height, transverse diameter difference), correct shape of fruit, deformed fruit, etc. 重量 Weight 单果重、单粒重、穗重等 Single fruit weight, single grain weight, panicle weight, etc. 安全指标 Safety index 污染物 Contaminant 重金属 Heavy metal 铅、镉、汞、砷、锡、镍、铬 Lead, cadmium, mercury, arsenic, tin, nickel, chromium 硝酸盐、亚硝酸盐 Nitrate, nitrite 苯并芘 Benzopyrene N-二甲基亚硝胺 N-Dimethyl nitrosamine 多氯联苯 Polychlorinated biphenyl 3-氯-1, 2-丙二醇 3-Chloro-1, 2-Propanediol 真菌毒素 Mycotoxin 曲霉毒素 Aspertoxin 黄曲霉毒素B1、黄曲霉毒素M1、赭曲霉毒素A、棒曲霉毒素等 Aflatoxin B1, aflatoxin M1, ochratoxin A, patulin, etc. 青霉毒素 Penicillium toxin 岛青霉素、展青霉素、桔青霉素等 Islanditoxin, patulin, citrinin, etc. 镰刀菌毒素 Fusarium toxin 脱氧雪腐镰刀菌烯醇、雪腐镰刀菌烯醇、玉米赤霉烯酮、T-2毒素等 Deoxynivalenol, nivalenol, zearalenone, T-2 toxin, etc. 农药 Pesticide 杀虫剂 Insecticide 敌敌畏、乐果、甲胺磷、杀虫脒等 Dichlorvos, dimethoate, methamidophos, chlordimeform, etc. 杀螨剂 Acaricide 三氯杀螨砜、三氯杀螨醇、克螨特等 Tedion, dicofol, propargite, etc. 杀菌剂 Bactericide 代森锌、多菌灵、菌核利、甲霜灵等 Zineb, carbendazim, dichlozoline, metalaxyl, etc. 除草剂 Herbicide 除草醚、杀草丹、氟乐灵、绿麦隆等 Nitrofen, benthiocarb, fluralin, chlorotoluron, etc. 植物生长调节剂 Plant growth regulator 赤霉素、萘乙酸、矮壮素、乙烯利等 Gibberellin, naphthylacetic acid, chlormequat, ethephon, etc.