日中性草莓不同季节果实挥发性成分差异

董静,钟传飞,王桂霞,常琳琳,孙健,孙瑞,张宏力,李睿,隗永青,郑书旗,张运涛

Comparative Study on Fruit Volatiles of Different Day-Neutral Strawberry Cultivars in Autumn and Winter

Jing DONG,ChuanFei ZHONG,GuiXia WANG,LinLin CHANG,Jian SUN,Rui SUN,HongLi ZHANG,Rui LI,YongQing WEI,ShuQi ZHENG,YunTao ZHANG

表1 日中性草莓中检测到的挥发性成分及其气味阈值和气味描述

Table 1 Volatiles detected in day-neutral strawberries with the odor threshold and description

序号 No. 挥发性成分 Volatiles 检测到的含量范围 Content range detected (mg·kg-1) 气味阈值 Odor threshold (mg·kg-1) 气味描述 Odor description 秋季 Autumn 冬季 Winter 酯类 Esters 1 乙酸甲酯Methyl acetate 0.000-0.191 0.000-0.206 果味,苦味[26] Fruity, bitter 2 乙酸丁酯Butyl acetate 0.000-0.391 0.000-0.485 0.066[27, 28] 果味,香蕉,菠萝[14, 29] Fruity, banana, pineapple 3 乙酸-2-甲基丁酯2-Methylbutyl acetate 0.000-0.038 0.004-0.097 0.011[27] 甜味,香蕉,苹果[26]Sweet, banana, apple 4 乙酸-3-甲基丁酯 3-Methylbutyl acetate 0.008-0.020 0.000-0.015 0.03[30] 新鲜,香蕉,果味,甜味[17, 31] Fresh, banana, fruity, sweet 5 乙酸-3-甲基-2-丁烯酯3-Methyl-2-buten-1-yl acetate 0.000-0.032 0.000-0.035 6 乙酸-2-戊烯酯2-Pentenyl acetate 0.000-0.019 0.000-0.010 7 乙酸己酯 Hexyl acetate 0.023-0.175 0.028-0.113 0.002[22] 果味,青苹果,香蕉,梨,花香,甜味[14, 29, 32] Fruity, green apple, banana, pear, floral, sweet 8 乙酸-2-己烯酯2-Hexenyl acetate 0.064-0.125 0.048-0.138 0.21[14] 果味,青味[29]Fruity, green 9 乙酸叶醇酯(Z)-3-Hexenyl acetate 0.000-0.024 0.000-0.027 0.016[14] 果味,绿叶[33]Fruity, green leaves 10 乙酸辛酯 Octyl acetate 0.000-0.121 0.000-0.093 0.047[27] 果味,花香,橙花,茉莉[22, 29] Fruity, floral, neroli, jasmine 11 乙酸癸酯Decyl acetate 0.000-0.009 0.000-0.005 花香,橙子,玫瑰[22]Floral, orange, rose 12 乙酸苯甲酯Phenylmethyl acetate 0.004-0.042 0.005-0.044 0.364[27] 新鲜,煮熟蔬菜味[34]Fresh, boiled vegetable 13 乙酸-2-苯乙酯2-Phenylethyl acetate 0.000-0.004 ND 0.25[30] 果味,花香,玫瑰[30, 32]Fruity, floral, rose 14 乙酸-3-苯基-2-丙烯酯3-Phenyl-2-propenyl acetate 0.000-0.005 ND 15 乙酸糠酯2-Furanmethyl acetate 0.000-0.029 ND 16 丙酸辛酯Octyl propanoate 0.000-0.003 ND 菠萝,桃金娘,蜡香[26]Pineapple, myrtle, waxy 17 丁酸甲酯 Methyl butanoate 0.686-1.376 1.426-3.932 0.06[28] 果味,苹果,香蕉,菠萝,酯味,青味[14, 22] Fruity, apple, banana, pineapple, ester-like, green 18 丁酸乙酯Ethyl butanoate 0.000-0.563 0.000-0.850 0.001[28] 果味,菠萝,草莓,香蕉,甜味[14, 31, 35] Fruity, pineapple, strawberry, banana, sweet 19 丁酸-1-甲基乙酯 1-Methylethyl butanoate 0.000-0.057 0.029-0.293 令人愉悦的,果味,辛辣[26, 34] Pleasing, fruit, pungent 20 丁酸丁酯Butyl butanoate 0.005-0.382 0.044-1.105 0.11[14] 果味,梨,菠萝[26]Fruity, pear, pineapple 21 丁酸2-甲基丙酯 2-Methylpropyl butanoate 0.000-0.004 0.000-0.004 果味,苹果,菠萝,朗姆酒,甜味[26] Fruity, apple, pineapple, rum, sweet 22 丁酸-1-甲基丁酯 1-Methylbutyl butanoate ND 0.000-0.015 23 丁酸-3-甲基丁酯 3-Methylbutyl butanoate ND 0.000-0.007 0.00013[27] 香蕉,果味[32] Banana, fruity 24 丁酸己酯Hexyl butanoate 0.000-0.018 ND 0.25[28] 果味,杏[22]Fruity, apricot 25 丁酸-2-己烯酯2-Hexenyl butanoate 0.003-0.028 0.008-0.038 26 丁酸辛酯 Octyl butanoate 0.000-0.334 0.084-0.425 0.25[14] 草本,青味,橙子,欧芹,甜瓜[22] Herbaceous, green, orange, parsley, melon 27 丁酸-2-辛酯2-Octyl butanoate 0.000-0.094 ND 28 丁酸壬酯Nonyl butanoate ND 0.000-0.021 续表1 Continued table 1 序号 No. 挥发性成分 Volatiles 检测到的含量范围 Content range detected (mg·kg-1) 气味阈值 Odor threshold (mg·kg-1) 气味描述 Odor description 秋季 Autumn 冬季 Winter 29 丁酸癸酯 Decyl butanoate 0.000-0.041 0.005-0.025 果味,蜡香,白兰地,桃,杏[26] Fruity, waxy, brandy, peach, apricot 30 丁酸四氢糠酯Tetrahydro-2-furanylmethyl butanoate ND 0.000-0.013 杏,菠萝,果味,甜味[26] Apricot, pineapple, fruity, sweet 31 2-甲基丙酸-1-甲基丁酯 1-Methylbutyl 2-methylpropanoate 0.000-0.012 0.000-0.011 32 2-甲基丙酸壬酯 Nonyl 2-methylpropanoate 0.000-0.009 0.000-0.008 33 3-甲硫基丙酸甲酯 Methyl 3-methylthiopropanoate 0.000-0.024 0.000-0.030 甜味,菠萝,洋葱[26] Sweet, pineapple, onion 34 戊酸甲酯Methyl pentanoate 0.000-0.014 0.000-0.016 0.02[26] 苹果,菠萝[26]Apple, pineapple 35 戊酸癸酯Decyl pentanoate 0.000-0.002 ND 36 2-甲基丁酸甲酯 Methyl 2-methylbutanoate ND 0.000-0.032 0.0004[14] 青苹果,果味,甜味[14] Green apple, fruity, sweet 37 2-甲基丁酸丁酯 Butyl 2-methylbutanoate 0.000-0.002 0.000-0.001 0.017[26] 果味,葡萄酒,苹果[26] Fruity, wine, apple 38 2-甲基丁酸辛酯 Octyl 2-methylbutanoate 0.000-0.040 0.000-0.014 39 3-甲基丁酸甲酯 Methyl 3-methylbutanoate 0.000-0.015 0.000-0.041 0.0044[14] 果味,苹果,菠萝[14] Fruity, apple, pineapple 40 3-甲基丁酸丁酯 Butyl 3-methylbutanoate 0.000-0.002 ND 甜味,苹果[26] Sweet, apple 41 3-甲基丁酸辛酯 Octyl 3-methylbutanoate 0.000-0.078 0.000-0.011 玫瑰,蜂蜜,苹果,菠萝,果味,草本[26] Rose, honey, apple, pineapple, fruity, herbaceous 42 己酸甲酯Methyl hexanoate 0.146-0.227 0.119-0.460 0.087[22] 果味,菠萝[14]Fruity, pineapple 43 己酸乙酯 Ethyl hexanoate 0.020-0.099 0.031-0.135 0.0003[22] 菠萝,草莓,青苹果,甜味,花香,白兰地[14, 17, 30, 31] Pineapple, strawberry, green apple, sweet, floral, brandy 44 己酸-1-甲基乙酯 1-Methylethyl hexanoate 0.000-0.027 0.003-0.015 甜味,果味,菠萝[26] Sweet, fruity, pineapple 45 己酸丁酯Butyl hexanoate 0.000-0.055 0.000-0.030 0.7[26] 葡萄酒,果味,菠萝[26]Wine, fruity, pineapple 46 己酸己酯Hexyl hexanoate 0.000-0.050 0.000-0.096 64[22] 草本[22]Herbaceous 47 己酸辛酯 Octyl hexanoate 0.000-0.056 0.000-0.021 新鲜,豌豆,果味,草本[26] Fresh, pea, fruity, herbaceous 48 辛酸甲酯Methyl octanoate 0.000-0.003 0.000-0.006 0.2[14] 甜味,橙子,蜡香[14]Sweet, orange, waxy 萜烯类 Terpenes 49 芳樟醇 Linalool 0.322-1.825 0.139-1.192 0.006[27, 29] 甜味,柑橘,柠檬,葡萄,花香味,芫荽[14, 31, 36, 37] Sweet, citrus, lemon, grape, floral, coriander 50 芳樟醇氧化物Linalool oxide 0.013-0.148 0.000-0.134 0.32[27] 花香,树木[29]Floral, woody 51 香叶醇 Geraniol 0.000-0.010 ND 0.03[36] 甜味,浆果,柠檬,花香,橙花,玫瑰[14, 36] Sweet, berry, lemon, floral, orange flower, roses 52 α-松油醇 α-Terpineol 0.000-0.077 0.000-0.054 0.25[30] 花香,百合,丁香,鸢尾,茴芹,松树,甜味,蛋糕[30, 31, 32, 36] Floral, lily, lilac, iris, anise, piney, sweet, cake 53 桃金娘烯醇Myrtenol ND 0.000-0.102 0.007[29] 花香,薄荷[29]Flowery, mint 续表1 Continued table 1 序号 No. 挥发性成分 Volatiles 检测到的含量范围 Content range detected (mg·kg-1) 气味阈值 Odor threshold (mg·kg-1) 气味描述 Odor description 秋季 Autumn 冬季 Winter 54 D-柠檬烯 D-Limonene 0.014-0.055 0.011-0.028 0.015[30] 果味,柠檬,柑橘,薄荷[30, 38, 39] Fruity, lemon, citrus, mint 55 薄荷醇Menthol 0.000-0.009 ND 清凉,薄荷[26]Refreshing, mint 56 橙花叔醇 Nerolidol 0.248-2.856 0.279-1.002 0.12[14] 苹果,柑橘,玫瑰,青味,树木[35, 40] Apple, citrus, rose, green, woody 57 β-金合欢烯β-Farnesene 0.005-0.048 0.000-0.036 柑橘,青味,甜味,树木[34]Citrus, green, sweet, wood 58 反式-α-佛手柑油烯 trans-α-Bergamotene 0.000-0.007 ND 树木,温暖,茶香[34] Wood, warm, tea 酮类 Ketones 59 2,3-丁二酮 2,3-Butanedione 0.000-0.151 0.000-0.146 4.74[41] 奶油,酸奶,蛋糕,甜味,芹菜[31, 32, 41] Cream, yogurt, cake, sweet, celery 60 2-戊酮2-Pentanone 0.000-0.045 0.000-0.097 0.01[29] 缥缈的[29]Ethereal 61 2-庚酮 2-Heptanone 0.000-0.018 0.007-0.028 0.14[14, 27] 蓝奶酪,果味,青味,坚果,香料[37] Blue cheese, fruity, green, nut, spice 62 2-甲基-1-庚烯-6-酮 2-Methyl-1-hepten-6-one 0.000-0.020 ND 63 6-甲基-5-庚烯-2-酮 6-Methyl-5-hepten-2-one 0.000-0.013 0.000-0.017 0.05[27] 柑橘,草莓,蘑菇,辣椒,橡胶[37] Citrus, strawberry, mushroom, pepper, rubber 64 香叶基丙酮 6,10-Dimethyl-5,9-undecadien-2-one 0.000-0.002 0.000-0.004 0.06[26] 新鲜,花香,果香,青味[26] Fresh, floral, fruity, green 醇类Alcohols 65 戊醇1-Pentanol 0.000-0.049 ND 4[27] 发酵味[38]Fermented 66 3-戊醇3-Pentanol 0.000-0.010 0.000-0.034 67 己醇 1-Hexanol 0.037-0.093 0.011-0.044 0.25[42] 花香,果味,草莓,新鲜,青味,草,树木[29, 31, 32, 36, 42] Flower, fruity, strawberry, fresh, green, grass, woody 68 反式-2-己烯醇 (E)-2-Hexen-1-ol 0.015-0.111 0.010-0.049 0.1[14, 29] 草本,青味,果味,未成熟香蕉[30, 32, 36] Herbaceous, green, fruity, unripe banana 69 2-庚醇2-Heptanol 0.000-0.012 0.000-0.009 0.07[29] 果味,草本[29]Fruity, herbaceous 70 辛醇 1-Octanol 0.017-0.055 0.011-0.022 0.8[41] 茉莉,柠檬,甜味,玫瑰,蜡香,青味,橙子[29, 38, 41] Jasmine, lemon, sweet, rose, waxy, green, orange 71 2-乙基己醇2-Ethyl-1-hexanol 0.000-0.004 0.000-0.003 0.27[33] 花香[33]Floral 72 3-甲基-庚-1,6-二烯-3-醇 3-Methyl-hepta-1,6-dien-3-ol 0.000-0.004 0.000-0.007 73 苯甲醇 Benzyl alcohol 0.000-0.010 0.000-0.015 0.1[29] 烧烤,甜味,果味,樱桃,草本[17, 29, 32, 36] Roasted & toasted, sweet, fruity, cherry, herbaceous 内酯类 Lactones 74 γ-癸内酯 γ-Decalactone 0.000-0.557 0.000-0.689 0.01[36] 桃,甜味,椰子,杏[14, 32, 36] Peach, sweet, coconut, apricot 75 威士忌内酯 Whiskey lactone ND 0.000-0.004 椰子,内酯味[31] Coconut, lactone-like 76 γ-十二内酯γ-Dodecalactone 0.000-0.056 0.000-0.086 0.007[14, 28] 甜味,果味,花香[34]Sweet, fruit, flower 呋喃类 Furans 77 4-甲氧基-2,5-二甲基-3(2H)-呋喃酮 4-Methoxy-2,5-dimethyl-3(2H)-furanone 0.052-0.412 0.072-0.165 0.016[14] 甜味,焦糖味[14] Sweet, caramel 续表1 Continued table 1 序号 No. 挥发性成分 Volatiles 检测到的含量范围 Content range detected (mg·kg-1) 气味阈值 Odor threshold (mg·kg-1) 气味描述 Odor description 秋季 Autumn 冬季 Winter 醛类 Aldehydes 78 戊醛 Pentanal 0.000-0.215 ND 0.042[42] 新鲜,扁桃仁,苦味,麦芽,油,辛辣[37, 42] Fresh, almond, bitter, malt, oil, pungent 79 己醛 Hexanal 0.000-1.008 0.000-0.388 0.021[14] 青草,新鲜,青味,草本,牛脂[14, 32, 36, 39, 42] Green grass, fresh, green, herbaceous, tallow 80 反式-2-己烯醛 (E)-2-Hexenal 0.611-1.151 0.267-1.409 0.017[42] 苹果,辛辣,草本,脂香,青味,叶子[14, 29, 32, 36, 37, 42] Apple, pungent, herbaceous, fat, green, leaf 81 顺式-2-庚烯醛(Z)-2-Heptenal 0.000-0.012 ND 0.0008[42] 新鲜[42]Fresh 82 壬醛 Nonanal 0.000-0.056 0.032-0.066 0.001[27, 28, 42] 花香,脂香,青味,柠檬,柑橘[37, 39, 42] Flower, fat, green, lemon, citrus 83 癸醛 Decanal 0.000-0.017 0.000-0.008 0.0001[27] 脂香,蜡香,辛辣,甜味,橙子,柠檬,玫瑰[26] Fat, waxy, pungent, sweet, orange, lemon, rose 84 苯甲醛 Benzaldehyde 0.066-0.120 0.031-0.051 0.35[27, 28, 39] 烤肉,扁桃仁,焦糖,樱桃,苦味[30, 32, 37] Roasted, almond, burnt sugar, cherry, bitter 酸类 Acids 85 丁酸Butanoic acid ND 0.000-0.121 0.1[14] 酸味,奶酪,腐败味[14, 31, 32]Sour, cheesy, rancid 86 2-甲基丙酸2-Methylpropanoic acid 0.000-0.076 0.000-0.036 5.3[27] 腐败味,黄油,脂香[32, 41]Rancid, butter, fatty 87 2-甲基丁酸 2-Methylbutanoic acid 0.000-0.074 0.000-0.065 0.1[14] 酸味,奶酪,汗味,腐败味[14, 31, 41] Sour, cheesy, sweaty, rancid 88 己酸 Hexanoic acid 0.000-0.173 0.000-0.806 1[14, 29] 汗味,奶酪,腐败味,脂香,酸味[14, 31, 32, 38] Sweaty, cheesy, rancid, fatty, sour