十字花科芸薹属根肿病是由芸薹根肿菌（Plasmodiophora brassicae）侵染引起的世界范围内普遍发生的一种重要土传病害，在全世界多个国家均有分布。以往对大白菜抗根肿病基因的研究主要采用转录组测序技术，不能提供准确的转录本组装和结构信息。本研究采用PacBio RS II SMRT测序技术，获得了大白菜抗根肿病DH40R接菌0、2、5、8、13和22天混合根的全长转录组。总的来说，从SMRT测序数据中发现了39,376个高质量转录本和26,270个开放阅读框。此外，还鉴定出426个注释的长链非编码RNA、56个转录因子家族、1883个具有poly(A)位点的基因和1691个可变剪切事件。另外，其中有1202个基因在DH40R中至少有一个AS事件。与以往的RNA-seq数据比较显示，6个差异表达的AS基因（1个抗病，5个防御反应）可能参与了根肿病抗性防御。

Starch is the major carbohydrate in oat (Avena sativa L.) and starch formation requires the coordinated actions of several synthesis enzymes. In this study, the granule morphology, composition and physicochemical properties of oat starch, as well as the expressions of starch synthesis genes were investigated during oat endosperm development. Under the scanning electron microscopy (SEM), we observed that the unique compound granules were developed in oat endosperms at 10 days post anthesis (DPA) and then fragmented into irregular or polygonal simple granules from 12 DPA until seed maturity. The amylose content, branch chain length of degree of polymerization (DP=13–24), gelatinization temperature and percentage of retrogradation were gradually increased during the endosperm development; whereas the distribution of short chains (DP=6–12) were gradually decreased. The relative expressions of 4 classes of 13 starch synthesis genes characterized in this study indicated that three expression pattern groups were significantly different among gene classes as well as among varied isoforms, in which the first group of starch synthesis genes may play a key role on the initiation of starch synthesis in oat endosperms.