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1. JIA-2022-0087 膜侧播种——一种传统地膜覆盖的替代技术,提高半干旱地区玉米产量稳定性和经济效益
ZHANG Bing-chao, HU Han, GUO Zheng-yu, GONG Shuai, SHEN Si, LIAO Shu-hua, WANG Xi, ZHOU Shun-li, ZHANG Zhong-dong
Journal of Integrative Agriculture    2023, 22 (4): 1021-1034.   DOI: 10.1016/j.jia.2022.08.017
摘要356)      PDF    收藏

膜下栽培具有保水和增温效果,因而地区春玉米生产中被广泛应用。为了解决春玉米生产中地膜残留和膜下播种“放苗”环节耗费力的问题,我们研发了一种膜侧播种(PSS)技术配套了作业机械。在国西北半干旱地区7年的试验结果表明,与传统膜下播种(PM)相比,PSS每公顷增加6547株有效植株,增产1686公斤。为了进一步探究PSS(i)土壤水分和温度,(ii)玉米生长发育、产量、水利用效率(WUE以及(iii)经济收入和地膜残留的影响,我们在半干旱地区两个点进行了为期两年的试验。土壤温湿度连续监测结果表明,与露地平作(CK)相比,PSS显著提高了玉米生长早期播种带0-20厘米土壤的温度和湿度,提高了籽粒产量(884-1089千克/公顷)和水分利用效率,其效应与PM类似。在经济效益上,PSS的人工投入与CK相当,而PM在释放地膜下的幼苗时需要额外花费960/公顷的人工。总体而言,与CKPM相比,PSS分别增加了5.83%547/公顷)和8.16%748/公顷)的经济收益。在环境方面,PSS实现了近100%的残膜回收,相比之下,连续PM处理3和5,因回收困难没有采取地膜回收的田块分别有96与130千克/公顷残膜残留综上所述,我们认为PSS是一种可以提高产量稳定性和收入实现半干旱地区玉米的可持续生产的生态友好型技术。

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2. Variation of carbon partitioning in newly expanded maize leaves and plant adaptive growth under extended darkness
LIANG Xiao-gui, SHEN Si, GAO Zhen, ZHANG Li, ZHAO Xue, ZHOU Shun-li
Journal of Integrative Agriculture    2021, 20 (9): 2360-2371.   DOI: 10.1016/S2095-3119(20)63351-2
摘要142)      PDF    收藏

本研究为了量化不同“C饥饿”水平下玉米叶片C固定及其分配,并分析其与植株适应性生长之间的关系,利用室内液体培养玉米植株,在6叶展期进行连续三天的延长黑暗(ED)处理。结果表明,ED处理显著降低了植株生长和叶片叶绿素水平,但单位叶片CO2气体交换速率没有明显变化。由于延长黑暗缩短了光合时长,降低了日光合同化产物积累,成熟叶片中的淀粉和可溶性碳水化合物(TSC)日累积量也呈下降趋势。然而,ED处理下叶片淀粉和TSC积累量占日同化C总量的比例却有所增加。这些“暂储性”C大部分以TSC形式存在,并且主要为增加的夜间呼吸消耗所用而非转运至库器官。另一方面,随着时间的推移,不同处理叶片中的“暂储性”C累积量及其占日同化C总量的比例均呈下降趋势,这主要是由于叶片淀粉合成下降所致。叶片中的腺苷二磷酸葡萄糖焦磷酸化酶和可溶性淀粉合酶活性随时间推移显著下降。因此,我们认为淀粉和TSC都参与了C突然短缺时植株生长和C供应之间的协调,但可能存在不同的作用方式。在突然的“C饥饿”情况下,植株将更高比例的同化产物留存在叶片中,以维持叶片功能。同时,成熟叶片中的“暂储性”C量及其占日同化C总量的比例随时间推移不断下降,以满足库器官的持续性生长需求。


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3. A simulation of winter wheat crop responses to irrigation management using CERES-Wheat model in the North China Plain
ZHOU Li-li, LIAO Shu-hua, WANG Zhi-min, WANG Pu, ZHANG Ying-hua, YAN Hai-jun, GAO Zhen, SHEN Si, LIANG Xiao-gui, WANG Jia-hui, ZHOU Shun-li
Journal of Integrative Agriculture    2018, 17 (05): 1181-1193.   DOI: 10.1016/S2095-3119(17)61818-5
摘要540)      PDF(pc) (1260KB)(256)    收藏
Received  2 August, 2017    Accepted  31 October, 2017
 © 2018, CAAS. Published by Elsevier Ltd. This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/)
doi:
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4. Contribution of ear photosynthesis to grain yield under rainfed and irrigation conditions for winter wheat cultivars released in the past 30 years in North China Plain
WANG Yun-qi, XI Wen-xing, WANG Zhi-min, WANG Bin, XU Xue-xin, HAN Mei-kun, ZHOU Shun-li, ZHANG Ying-hua
Journal of Integrative Agriculture    2016, 15 (10): 2247-2256.   DOI: 10.1016/S2095-3119(16)61408-9
摘要1673)      收藏
    To understand the contribution of ear photosynthesis to grain yield and its response to water supply in the improvement of winter wheat, 15 cultivars released from 1980 to 2012 in North China Plain (NCP) were planted under rainfed and irrigated conditions from 2011 to 2013, and the ear photosynthesis was tested by ear shading. During the past 30 years, grain yield significantly increased, the flag leaf area slightly increased under irrigated condition but decreased significantly under rainfed condition, the ratio of grain weight:leaf area significantly increased, and the contribution of ear photosynthesis to grain yield changed from 33.6 to 64.5% and from 32.2 to 57.2% under rainfed and irrigated conditions, respectively. Grain yield, yield components, and ratio of grain weight:leaf area were positively related with contribution of ear photosynthesis. The increase in grain yield in winter wheat was related with improvement in ear photosynthesis contribution in NCP, especially under rainfed condition.
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5. Effect of Source-Sink Manipulation on Photosynthetic Characteristics of Flag Leaf and the Remobilization of Dry Mass and Nitrogen in Vegetative Organs of Wheat
ZHANG Ying-hua, SUN Na-na, HONG Jia-pei, ZHANG Qi, WANG Chao, XUE Qing-wu, ZHOU Shun-li, HUANG Qin , WANG Zhi-min
Journal of Integrative Agriculture    2014, 13 (8): 1680-1690.   DOI: 10.1016/S2095-3119(13)60665-6
摘要1462)      PDF    收藏
The photosynthetic characteristics of flag leaf and the accumulation and remobilization of pre-anthesis dry mass (DM) and nitrogen (N) in vegetable organs in nine wheat cultivars under different source-sink manipulation treatments including defoliation (DF), spike shading (SS) and half spikelets removal (SR) were investigated. Results showed that the SS treatment increased the photosynthetic rate (Pn) of flag leaf in source limited cultivar, but had no significant effect on sink limited cultivar. The SR treatment decreased the Pn of flag leaf. Grain DM accumulation was limited by source in some cultivars, in other cultivars, it was limited by sink. Grain N accumulation was mainly limited by source supply. The contribution of pre-anthesis dry mass to grain yield from high to low was stem, leaf and chaff, while the contribution of pre-anthesis N to grain N from high to low was leaf, stem and chaff. Cultivars S7221 and TA9818 can increase the contribution of remobilization of DM and N to grain at the maximum ratio under reducing source treatments, which may be the major reason for these cultivars having lower decrease in grain yield and N content under reducing source treatments.
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