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1. 全基因组关联研究揭示茶树氨基酸含量变异的遗传基础

GUO Ya-fei, LI Dai-li, QIU Hai-ji, ZHANG Xiao-liang, LIU Lin, ZHAO Jing-jing, JIANG De-yuan

Journal of Integrative Agriculture 2023, 22 (11): 3364-3379. DOI: 10.1016/j.jia.2023.10.002

摘要（172）

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茶是世界上最受欢迎的非酒精饮料之一。游离氨基酸，尤其是茶氨酸，是茶汤鲜味的主要组成。然而，关于茶树氨基酸含量变异的遗传基础仍不清晰。因此，基于靶向代谢组学的方法，本研究连续两年检测了174份茶树种质嫩叶的游离氨基酸含量，并通过转录组分析获得了这些种质的基因型。基于代谢表型和基因型，通过全基因组关联研究研究影响茶树鲜叶游离氨基酸含量变异的位点。本研究鉴定到69个-log10 (P-value) 大于 5的位点。功能注释的结果分析显示，支链氨基酸转移酶、谷氨酰胺合成酶、硝酸盐转运蛋白和谷氨酸脱羧酶均可能在氨基酸代谢的过程中发挥重要作用。因此，本研究从中选择了两个显著的位点：谷氨酰胺合成酶（Glu1，P=3.71×10-4；Arg1，P=4.61×10-5）和支链氨基酸转移酶（Val1，P=4.67×10-5；I_Leu1，P=3.56×10-6）。对CsGS和CsBCAT进行基因型分析，选择CsGS的两个等位基因（CsGS-L、CsGS-H）和CsBCAT的两个等位基因（CsBCAT-L、CsBCAT-H）进行功能验证。CsGS-L和CsGS-H过表达提高了转基因植株中的谷氨酸和精氨酸含量；CsBCAT-L和CsBCAT-H过表达促进了缬氨酸、异亮氨酸和亮氨酸的积累。体外酶活性分析发现SNP₁₀₅₄对CsGS催化谷氨酸生成谷氨酰胺的酶活性具有重要影响。此外，CsGS-L和CsGS-H差异调控谷氨酰胺的积累，CsBCAT-L和CsBCAT-H差异调控支链氨基酸的积累。综上所述，本研究的结果将为茶树氨基酸含量变异的遗传基础解析提供新的认识，并为鉴定优质基因以提高茶树氨基酸含量提供理论依据。

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2. Straw layer burial to alleviate salt stress in silty loam soils: Impacts of straw forms

ZHANG Hong-yuan, LU Chuang, PANG Huan-cheng, LIU Na, ZHANG Xiao-li, LI Yu-yi

Journal of Integrative Agriculture 2020, 19 (1): 265-276. DOI: 10.1016/S2095-3119(19)62737-1

摘要（131）

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Salt stress can be alleviated by straw layer burial in the soil, but little is known of the appropriate form of the straw layer for optimal regulation of soil water and salinity because of the uncontrollability of field tests. Here, the following four straw forms with compaction thickness of 5 cm buried 40–45 deep were studied: no straw layer (CK), segmented straw (SL, 5 cm in length), straw pellet (SK), and straw powder (SF). The three straw forms (SL, SK and SF) significantly delayed the infiltration of irrigation water down the column profile by 71.20–134.3 h relative to CK and the migration velocity of the wetting front under SF was the slowest. It took longer for the wetting front to transcend SK than SL but shorter for it to reach the bottom of soil column after water crossed the straw layer. Compared with CK, the average volumetric water content in the 0–40 cm soil layer increased by 6.45% under SL, 1.77% under SK and 5.39% under SF. The desalination rates at the 0–40 and 0–100 cm soil layers increased by 5.85 and 3.76% under SL, 6.64 and 1.47% under SK and 5.97 and 4.82% under SF. However, there was no significant difference among straw forms in the 0–40 cm soil layer. Furthermore, the salt leaching efficiency (SLE, g mm^–1 h^–1) above the 40 cm layer under SL was 0.0097, being significantly higher than that under SF (0.0071) by 37.23%. Salt storage under SL, SK and SF in the 40–45 cm layer accounted for 4.50, 16.92 and 7.43% of total storage in the 1-m column profile. Cumulative evaporation under SL and SF decreased significantly by 41.20 and 49.00%, with both treatments having the most significant inhibition of salt accumulation (resalinization rate being 36.06 and 47.15% lower than CK) in the 0–40 cm soil layer. In conclusion, the different forms of straw layers have desalting effects under high irrigation level (446 mm). In particular, SL and SF performed better than SK in promoting deep salt leaching and inhibiting salt accumulation on the soil surface. However, SL was simpler to implement and its SLE was higher. Therefore, the segmented 5 cm straw can be recommended as an optimum physical form for establishing a straw layer for managing saline soils for crop production.

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3. Proteomics Identification of Differentially Expressed Leaf Proteins in Response to Setosphaeria turcica Infection in Resistant Maize

ZHANG Xiao-li, SI Bing-wen, FAN Cheng-ming, LI Hong-jie , WANG Xiao-ming

Journal of Integrative Agriculture 2014, 13 (4): 789-803. DOI: 10.1016/S2095-3119(13)60513-4

摘要（2221）

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Northern corn leaf blight (NCLB), caused by the heterothallic ascomycete fungus Setosphaeria turcica, is a destructive foliar disease of maize and represents a serious threat to maize production worldwide. A comparative proteomic study was conducted to explore the molecular mechanisms underlying the defense responses of the maize resistant line A619 Ht2 to S. turcica race 13. Leaf proteins were extracted from mock and S. turcica-infected leaves after inoculated for 72 h and analyzed for differentially expressed proteins using two-dimensional electrophoresis and mass spectrometry identification. 137 proteins showed reproducible differences in abundance by more than 2-fold at least, including 50 up-regulated proteins and 87 down-regulated proteins. 48 protein spots were successfully identified by MS analysis, which included 10 unique, 6 up-regulated, 20 down-regulated and 12 disappeared protein spots. These identified proteins were classified into 9 functional groups and involved in multiple functions, particularly in energy metabolism (46%), protein destination and storage (12%), and disease defense (18%). Some defense-related proteins were upregulated such as β-glucosidase, SOD, polyamines oxidase, HSC 70 and PPIases; while the expressions of photosynthesis- and metabolism-related proteins were down-regulated, by inoculation with S. turcica. The results indicated that a complex regulatory network was functioned in interaction between the resistant line A619 Ht2 and S. turcica. The resistance processes of A619 Ht2 mainly resided on directly releasing defense proteins, modulation of primary metabolism, affecting photosyntesis and carbohydrate metabolism.

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