高密度种植可以提高大豆产量，但通过改良株高及叶柄性状以选育株型紧凑、抗倒伏性优异的高产品种是提高产量的重要途径。2017-2018年，我们比较了黄淮地区四个地点的短叶柄种质M657与三个对照品种产量相关性状、抗倒伏性和叶柄相关表型间的关系。结果表明，M657对高种植密度和倒伏性表现出极高且稳定的耐受性，尤其在最高密度8×105株ha^-1下表现依然优异。回归分析表明，较短的叶柄长度与抗倒伏性的增加显著相关。产量分析表明，M657在较高密度下获得了较高的产量，尤其在黄淮北片地区。在与地点、密度相关的倒伏性和产量方面，不同品种对株距、行间距的反应存在显著差异。植株的倒伏性与种植密度、株高、叶柄长度和有效分枝数显著正相关，与茎粗、单株粒数、单株粒重呈显著负相关。在当前大豆品种种植密度的基础上，适当增加种植密度有助于黄淮地区大豆的产量提高。本研究为在高密度种植系统中引入适宜高产的紧凑株型性状、建立黄淮地区大豆高产模式提供了极有价值的新种质资源。

本研究建立了叶柄长度检测方法，并对EMS诱变冀黄13获得的高光效新种质M657为材料，于2017-2018年度在北方、黄淮、南方共7个地点进行表型鉴定。与冀黄13相比，M657在北方春、黄淮海夏及南方夏种植时矮化、叶柄短表型稳定，M657株高与叶柄长度显著降低，有效分枝数增加，生育期延长2-7 d，单株粒重、百粒重下降；4个短叶柄新品系的选育为大豆株型改良提供了重要的亲本种质，同时证明了利用矮杆短叶柄新种质M657理想株型为耐密、高产大豆新品种的培育的可行性。

To elucidate the differential gene expression patterns in soybeans during infection by Phytophthora sojae, a cDNA libraryfor suppression subtractive hybridization (SSH) was constructed with cDNAs from soybean cultivar Suinong 10 treatedwith sterile distilled water as the driver and cDNAs from Suinong 10 inoculated with P. sojae as the tester. A total of 2 067recombinant colonies from the SSH library were randomly picked, amplified, and sequenced. After discarding 312 poorquality expressed sequence tags (EST), 1 755 high quality ESTs were assembled and edited to 1 384 tentatively uniquegenes (TUG), in which, 586 showed significant homology to known sequences, and 798 had low homology or no matchwith the known sequences. A cDNA microarray containing 307 singletons from the 586 TUGs and 222 singletons from the798 TUGs was developed to characterize differentially expressed cDNAs in the SSH library, and eight cDNAs wereidentified to be up-regulated after microarray analysis and then confirmed by real-time PCR. They were homologous to theprotein 10, and were also related to some proteins in disease resistance response, such as pathogen-related protein,phenylalanine ammonia-lyase, isoflavone reductase, WRKY transcription factor 31, major allergen Pru ar 1, and pleiotropicdrug resistance protein 12. Most of the up-regulated cDNAs encode enzymes of phytoalexin biosynthesis andpathogenesis-related proteins involved in plant disease resistance. Here, we fist reported the Pru ar 1 in soybeans. Thefindings of this research have contributed to better understanding of soybean resistance to P. sojae at the molecular level.