水稻育秧和机插阶段的需要大量劳动力是机插水稻面临的主要难题之一。可通过增加每盘育秧播种量以减少育秧秧盘用量达到节省人工的目的。2021年和2022年使用秸秆基质块为育秧材料，以常规播种量150 g/盘、移栽秧龄20 d为对照（CK），设置播种量250 g/盘、300 g/盘和350 g/盘，移栽秧龄为10 d和15 d的6个处理，对水稻秧苗素质、机插质量和产量及经济效益进行研究。与CK相比水稻秧苗素质受高播种量短秧龄育秧影响较大，但秧苗活力未受显著影响。本实验中，350-10处理每公顷秧盘用量为152-155盘，比CK用量减少62%。提高水稻育秧播种量可减少2.8%-4%的水稻缺穴率。产量及经济效益以300-15处理最佳。

     旱地双轴旋耕法可一次作业完成双轴旋耕秸秆还田、两次镇压和开沟作业，且这一方法在直播稻和小麦上已有初步的研究。然而，旱地双轴旋耕法对机插水稻产量和温室气体排放的影响尚不清楚。为了评估旱地双轴旋耕法在提高机械移栽水稻的粮食安全和减少温室气体排放方面的效果，我们在秸秆还田条件下进行了为期2年的研究。设置了三种耕作方式：旱地双轴旋耕（DBRT）、旱地水田单轴旋耕法（DPURT）和水田单轴旋耕法（PURT）。结果表明，与DPURT和PURT相比，DBRT分别使机插水稻增产7.5-11.0%和13.3-26.7%，而季节性累计CH₄排放量分别减少了13.9-21.2%和30.2-37.0%，N₂O季节性累计排放量分别增加了13.5-28.6%和50.0-73.1%。因此，与DPURT和PURT相比，DBRT 分别使全球变暖潜能值分别降低了10.7-15.5%和23.7-28.6%，并使单位产量的全球增温潜值分别降低了18.2-21.8%和36.4-39.3%。这些结果主要与DBRT显着降低土壤容重和增加土壤Eh有关。因此，在机插稻田实施DBRT是可行的，既有利于提高水稻产量，又可以减少温室气体排放。

Breeding of male-sterile lines has become the mainstream for the heterosis utilization in foxtail millet, but the genetic basis of most male-sterile lines used for the hybrid is still an area to be elucidated. In this study, a highly male-sterile line Gao146A was investigated. Genetic analysis indicated that the highly male-sterile phenotype was controlled by a single recessive gene a single recessive gene. Using F2 population derived from cross Gao146A/K103, one gene controlling the highly male- sterility, tentatively named as ms1, which linked to SSR marker b234 with genetic distance of 16.7 cM, was mapped on the chromosome VI. These results not only laid the foundation for fine mapping of this highly male-sterile gene, but also helped to accelerate the improvement of highly male-sterile lines by using molecular marker assisted breeding method.