In this study, the characteristic of three transformants named as B1C106-1, B1C106-2, and B1C106-3 were studied that carried three innate resistant genes Bph14, Bph15, and Xa23, and two enthetic resistant genes Cry1Ca^# and Bar.  The five resistant genes were all verified by PCR and the two enthetic genes were identified in single copy insertion by Southern blot.  At tillering stage, the Cry1C and PAT (phosphinothricin acetyl transferase) protein contents in leaf, sheath, and stem of T₂ generation were in the similar pattern: leaf>stem>sheath, and showed significant difference (P<0.01) among three organs. The average contents of Cry1C protein in plant of B1C106-1, B1C106-2, and B1C106-3 were 12.95, 6.57, and 11.30 μg g^–1, respectively, and showed significant difference (P<0.01) among them.  However, the average contents of PAT in plant of B1C106-1, B1C106-2, and B1C106-3 were 28.54, 27.66, and 28.02 μg g^–1, respectively, and there were no significant difference among three transformants.  The glufosinate tolerable concentration of three transformants of T₃ generation reached at least 6 g L^–1, and the mortality of rice leaf rollers were above 97.4% in 5 days after being fed with fresh transformants’ leaves.  The Cry1C protein toxicity was also assessed by silkworms, and the mortality of silkworms feeding mulberry leaves smeared with Cry1C protein extracts of leaves of B1C106-1, B1C106-2, and B1C106-3 were 90, 67.8, and 87.8%, respectively, that were positive correlation (r=0.993) with Cry1C protein contents in plant of three transformants.  The three transformants also maintained high resistance to brown planthopper and bacterial blight as the original version.  The above results indicate the tetra-resistant rice germplasm was well-developed by pyramiding innate and enthetic resistant genes in an elite line to provide with resistances of glufosinate, rice leaf roller, brown planthopper, and bacterial blight.  

The developing trends of livestock production are efficiency, safety and sustainability, which face two major challenges: low availability of phytate phosphorus and abuse of antibiotics.  As a solution phytases and antimicrobial peptides are applied as feed additives.  However, phytases and antimicrobial peptides are susceptible to proteases, costly by fermentation and potential toxic to production hosts.  We transformed an optimized phytase-lactoferricin fusion gene PhyLf driven by an endosperm-specific promoter Gt13aP and Bar (bialaphos resistance) gene as a selection maker into rice.  The Bar and PhyLf genes were integrated into the rice genome, stably inherited and expressed.  Their phosphinothricin acetyl transferase (PAT) protein content of transgenic plants with glufosinate resistance varied between 50.45–93.39 μg g^–1.  Fusion protein expressed especially in the seeds of transgenic rice had a summit phytase activity at 32.30 U g^–1, which increased by 61.71-fold compared to the control/check group (CK) and 7.54-fold compared to un-optimized transgenic plant.  The highest inorganic phosphorus (Pi) content of the transgenic seeds reached 13.15 mg g^–1, increased by 12.77-fold compared to that of CK.  Preliminary antibacterial experiments showed that the enterokinase hydrolysate product of fusion protein could inhibit the growth of Escherichia coli DH5α.  These results indicated that the protein PhyLf has the potential to increase availability of feed phytate phosphorus, improve consumer’s immunity and reduce the use of antibiotics.

To safely and sustainably utilize genetic breeding techniques for crop production, greater understanding of the potential effects of genetically modified herbicide-tolerant (GMHT) crops on the ecological functions of predators is required. In the laboratory, we examined the functional and numerical responses of Cyrtorhinus lividipennis Reuter to eggs of brown planthopper (BPH), Nilaparvata lugens (Stål), which were reared on GMHT rice Bar68-1; the untransformed parental cultivar, D68; or a BPH-susceptive rice variety, Taichung Native 1. All stages of nymphs and female adult of C. lividipennis, either on GMHT rice or control plants, exhibited typical type II functional responses when fed on BPH eggs; the attacking rate and handling time of C. lividipennis on GMHT rice Bar68-1 was not significantly different from that on D68. The numerical responses of C. lividipennis on GMHT rice or controls fit Beddington’s model; there were no significant differences in the parameters of numerical responses between GMHT rice Bar68-1 and D68. The results indicated that the functional and numerical responses of C. lividipennis to BPH eggs are not affected by GMHT rice Bar68-1.

One sequence tagged site marker Sub1-1 and twice submergence stress method were used in selection of submergence tolerant homozygous line from Sub-1BS, a submergence tolerant, bentazon sensitive and photoperiod-sensitive and/or thermo-sensitive genic male sterile line that developed by our laboratory. The results revealed that the original Sub-1BS was heterozygous in Sub1A-1 locus even though it was identical in almost all of agronomical traits and the segregation of Sub1A-1 was in accordance with Mendelian law based on chi-square test. And then the original Sub-1BS was divided into two groups: one was of Sub1A-1 introgression and the other was not; and the two groups were tested by twice submergence stress method. After the first submergence stress that lasted for 12 d, the average plant heights were significant difference at the 1% level between the two groups. After recovery for 10 d, the second submergence stress sustained for 18 d was carried on; and the group with Sub1A-1 gene was found apparently tolerant than the other group in submergence tolerance.