荚果形状是影响花生荚果制品市场价值的重要可遗传性状。为探索该性状内在遗传机制，本研究基于图像分析考察了影响荚果性状的6个组分性状，包括荚果长度、荚果宽度、荚果长宽比、荚果圆度、果喙明显度和缢缩明显度。对含有181个家系的重组自交系群体进行了三个不同环境下的表型测定。结果表明，该群体的6个组分性状均表现为连续分布和超亲遗传，且各组分性状之间表现为不同程度相关性，广义遗传率变异范围为0.87-0.95。数量性状位点（QTL）分析共鉴定到26个加性QTL，分别解释3.79%~52.37%的表型变异。在花生第2染色体上发现一个可调控多个组分性状的稳定主效遗传位点。该位点覆盖10.81 Mb物理区间，包含543个潜在基因，生物信息学分析对候选基因进行了预测。本研究还针对6个组分性状鉴定到73对上位性互作（涉及92个遗传位点），分别可解释0.94%-6.45%表型变异。以上研究结果为荚果形状相关基因的图位克隆与分子标记辅助育种提供了重要研究基础。

Alkali stress can cause severe crop damage and reduce production. However, physiological processes involved in alkali stress in oat seedlings are not well understood. In this study, physiological responses and yield of oat to alkali stress were studied using the alkali-tolerant oat genotype Vao-9 and the alkali-sensitive oat genotype Baiyan 5. The results were: (i) low concentrations of alkali stress (25 and 50 mmol L-1) significantly reduced the yield and grain weight while increased the oat grain number per spike. A negative correlation between yield and malondialdehyde (MDA) content at the jointing and grain filling stages and positive correlations between yield on one hand and superoxide dismutase (SOD), and peroxidase (POD) activities on the other at the jointing stage were observed. There was a positive correlation between MDA and soluble sugar at the grain filling stage; (ii) soluble sugar content was increased at the jointing and grain filling stages and decreased at the heading stage by alkali stress; (iii) alkali stress increased the SOD activity during the heading and grain filling stages, and increased the POD activity at the heading stage. As compared to the control, the increase of MDA contents in alkali-treated oat was observed, during the jointing, heading and grain filling stages; (iv) under alkali stress, the oat genotype Vao-9 showed higher antioxidant enzyme activity and lower soluble sugar contents during the heading stage, and lower MDA contents than those in the oat genotype Baiyan 5 under alkali stress. The result suggested that the high ROS scavenging capacity and soluble sugar levels might play roles in oat response to alkali stress.