本研究以来源于辽宁、吉林和黑龙江三个省份的200个粳稻品种为实验材料，对碾磨和外观品质相关的性状进行考察。材料的系谱分析和遗传多样性分析结果表明，来自吉林省的品种遗传多样性最高。稻米品质的评价结果表明，来自辽宁省的品种具较好的碾磨品质，而来自黑龙江的品种具较好的外观品质。本研究同时用单位点和多位点的全基因组关联分析（GWAS）对碾磨和外观品质相关的基因位点进行计算，结果共检测到99个显著的SNP位点。其中，共3个SNP位点同时在混合线性模型（MLM）、mrMLM和FASTmrMLM这3种计算模型中检测到，进一步利用连锁不平衡分析获得对应的3个候选区域（qBRR-1、qBRR-9和qDEC-3），以便于后续的候选基因分析。由于候选区域内的候选基因超过300个，研究还结合基因GO分析以鉴定潜在的候选基因。此外，候选区域的遗传多样性分析结果表明，qBRR-9很可能在东北粳稻的育种过程中受到了较强的选择。这些结果为水稻育种和品质改良提供了具有参考意义的信息。

A total of 408 inbred rice cultivars bred in the last decade were analyzed for 24 SSR markers. The results showed the genetic diversity of indica cultivars was higher than that of japonica cultivars, and the genetic diversity of new cultivars raised in recent years was lower. Among the six rice cropping regions (RCRs) in China, genetic diversity was the highest in the central rice region (RCR-II) and the southwest rice region (RCR-III). Genetic differences among subpopulations of japonica were more complex than those in indica. Differentiation among seasonal ecotypes and RCRs in indica populations was unclear, but differentiation between RCR-II and northeast rice region (RCR-V) was more distinct for japonica cultivars. Considering the North rice region (RCR-IV) has very low genetic diversity among the tested cultivars, it is important to broaden the genetic background for future cultivars in rice breeding programs.