拟禾本科根结线虫（Meloidogyne graminicola）是水稻上最具破坏性的植物寄生线虫之一，显著影响水稻产量。利用抗性品种是防治线虫病害最有效的管理措施。然而，然而目前拟禾本科根结线虫抗性水稻种质资源十分有限。本研究筛选获得了一个拟禾本科根结线虫抗性水稻品种淮稻5号，评估了其对拟禾本科根结线虫趋化吸引、早期侵染、根结形成的影响，并初步分析其抗性遗传特征。基于普朗克凝胶的吸引观察，发现与感病对照品种南粳9108相似，接种8h，二龄幼虫（J2）在淮稻5号根尖大量聚集；平板接种12 h，J2侵入根伸长区，但向根尖迁移受阻，根内线虫数量下降，表明淮稻5号不能阻碍J2早期侵入，但能抑制其取食位点的建立。同时，通过室内盆钵栽培和水培系统模拟旱地和灌溉条件，发现在两种水稻栽培条件下，淮稻5号的根结数量均低于对照感病品种，并且线虫的发育受到显著抑制。进一步将淮稻5号与南粳9108进行杂交，结果其杂交F₁子代显著降低了根结线虫的繁殖水平，表明淮稻5号的对拟禾本科根结线虫的抗性可能由主效基因控制。综上，本研究鉴定了淮稻5号为高抗拟禾本科根结线虫新的水稻种质资源，有助于促进根结线虫抗性水稻品种的选育。

The effect of Aphelenchoides besseyi on 27 cultivars of rice (23 japonica and 4 indica) was assessed in the field for two seasons during 2010 and 2011. The vigorous pathogenic nematodes culturing on Botrytis cinerea were used for this experiment. Inoculation was carried out at the tilling stage; the growth parameters and nematode population were recorded at the end of growth of rice plants. The results showed that the cultivars differed in their response to infection. Most of cultivars were lack of the characteristic symptom of white tip, which was seen less frequently than the other two symptoms, namely small grains and erect panicles; moreover, the expression of symptoms was probably hereditary. The infection lowered the values of all the measured biological parameters, namely length of the stem and of the panicle, the number of filled grains per panicle, and 100-grain weight, in all the cultivars. The final nematode population indicated that the threshold of economic damage had also been exceeded in 10 cultivars, and none of them was immune. Three japonica cultivars proved most vulnerable whereas Tetep, an indica type, showed a level of resistance potentially useful in controlling A. besseyi.