高分子量谷蛋白（HMW-GS）是决定小麦加工品质的关键种子储藏蛋白类型。Dx5+Dy10是公认的优质HMW-GS组合，但Dy10亚基对加工品质的作用尚不清楚。本研究利用一份Dy10缺失突变体（含Dy10-null等位变异）和体外添加Dy10蛋白的方法研究了Dy10亚基的加工品质效应。Dy10-null等位变异可正常转录，但不表达蛋白。构建近等基因系，发现Dy10-null等位变异显著降低面筋指数、Zeleny沉降值、形成时间和稳定时间，弱化面团强度；降低HMW-GS含量，提高醇溶蛋白含量，降低谷醇比，提升饼干品质。体外添加纯化的Dy10蛋白，发现Dy10对饼干品质有负作用。综上，Dy10亚基与小麦面团强度密切相关，Dy10-null等位变异对弱筋小麦育种具有价值。

提高小麦产量是全球小麦育种者的长期目标。发掘优良遗传资源，解析小麦重要农艺性状的遗传基础，是小麦高产育种的必经之路。本研究评价了两年七个环境中由156个育成品种和77个地方品种组成的四川小麦自然群体的9个重要农艺性状表现。农艺性状调查结果表明，地方品种分蘖较多，穗粒数（KNS）较高，育成品种千粒重（TKW）和穗粒重（KWS）较高。9个农艺性状的广义遗传力（H ²）在0.74到0.95之间。利用来自小麦55K SNP芯片的43198个单核苷酸多态性（SNP）标记进行群体结构分析可以将自然群体分为三组。基于混合线性模型Q+K方法的全基因组关联分析（GWAS）共鉴定出67个数量性状位点（QTL）。本研究主要对三个重要性状的QTL进行了分析，即分别检测到的可育分蘖数（FTN）位点QFTN.sicau-7BL.1的四种单倍型、KNS位点QKNS.sicau-1AL.2的三种单倍型和TKW位点QTKW.sicau-3BS.1的四种单倍型。从2002—2013年区域试验的42个品种的产量表现来看，FTN-Hap2、KNS-Hap1和TKW-Hap2分别是每个QTL中的优良单倍型。具有三个优良单倍型的品种相比具有两个或一个优良单倍型的品种产量更高。此外，基于每穗粒数的QTL位点 QKNS.sicau-1AL.2开发了连锁的KASP-AX-108866053标记能在2018年至2021年区域试验中鉴定63个品种的三种单倍型（或等位基因）。这些遗传位点和连锁标记可用于标记辅助选择或基于图谱的基因克隆，用于小麦产量的遗传改良。

了解小麦品质相关性状的遗传基础有助于对小麦品质进行改良，本实验测定了多环境下236份小麦种质资源（包括 160 个栽培品种和76个地方品种）的蛋白质含量（GPC）、淀粉含量（GSC）和湿面筋含量（WGC），并使用 55K小麦芯片进行了混合线性模型 (MLM)分析。结果共鉴定了 12 个稳定的 QTL/SNP，与GPC、GSC和WGC 相关的位点分别有3个、7个和2个 QTL，它们分别位于1B、1D、2A、2B、2D、3B、3D、5D 和 7D 染色体上；表型变异解释 (PVE) 范围从4.2 至10.7%。与之前报道的 QTL/基因相比，5 个 QTL（QGsc.sicau-1BL、QGsc.sicau-1DS、QGsc.sicau-2DL.1、QGsc.sicau-2DL.2、QWgc.sicau-5DL）是潜在的新位点。本实验着重关注了位于5D染色体上与湿面筋浓度相关的稳定QTL，并成功开发了SNP AX-108770574 和AX-108791420 两个KASP 标记。其中AX-108770574中含有A-等位基因和AX-108791420中含有T-等位基因的品种表型显着高于(P<0.01)含有湿面筋浓度G-等位基因或C-等位基因的地方品种，表明开发的KASP 标记可用于分子育种，改良小麦品质。

Micronutrient malnutrition affects over three billion people worldwide, especially women and children in developing countries. Increasing the bioavailable concentrations of essential elements in the edible portions of crops is an effective resolution to address this issue. To determine the genetic factors controlling micronutrient concentration in wheat, the quantitative trait locus (QTL) analysis for iron, zinc, copper, manganese, and selenium concentrations in two recombinant inbred line populations was performed. In all, 39 QTLs for five micronutrient concentrations were identified in this study. Of these, 22 alleles from synthetic wheat SHW-L1 and seven alleles from the progeny line of the synthetic wheat Chuanmai 42 showed an increase in micronutrient concentrations. Five QTLs on chromosomes 2A, 3D, 4D, and 5B found in both the populations showed significant phenotypic variation for 2-3 micronutrient concentrations. Our results might help understand the genetic control of micronutrient concentration and allow the utilization of genetic resources of synthetic hexaploid wheat for improving micronutrient efficiency of cultivated wheat by using molecular marker-assisted selection.

Genetic diversity of 62 Sichuan wheat landraces accessions of China was investigated by agronomic traits and SSR markers. The landrace population showed the characters of higher tiller capability and more kernels/spike, especially tiller no./plant of six accessions was over 40 and kernels/spike of three accessions was more than 70. A total of 547 alleles in 124 polymorphic loci were detected with an average of 4.76 alleles per locus by 114 SSR markers. Parameters analysis indicated that the genetic diversity ranked as genome A> genome B > genome D, and the homoeologous groups ranked as 5>4>3>1>2>7>6 based on genetic richness (Ri). Furthermore, chromosomes 2A, 1B and 3D had more diversity than that of chromosomes 4A, 7A and 6B. The variation of SSR loci on chromosomes 1B, 2A, 2D, 3B, and 4B implied that, in the past, different selective pressures might have acted on different chromosome regions of these landraces. Our results suggested that Sichuan common wheat landraces is a useful genetic resource for genetic research and wheat improvement.

The Hina gene is one of the two known Hin genes for hardness, and its RNA expression is correlated with grain hardnessand dry matter digestibility variation. In this study, only one clone of Hina gene was obtained from one barley accession.A total of 121 Hina gene sequences were isolated from 121 wild barley (Hordeum spontaneum) accessions in Israel, Iran,and Turkey, and then their molecular characteristics were compared with 97 Hina gene sequences from 74 cultivatedbarley (H. vulgare) lines in Europe and 23 landrace (H. vulgare) with global distribution and other 26 Hina gene sequencesfrom cultivated barleys (H. vulgare) with unknown global distribution. Cis-acting regulatory element (CARE) searchingrevealed that there were different types of regulatory element for the Hina gene in wild and landrace/cultivated barleys.There were six consistent cis-acting binding sites in wild and landrace/cultivated barleys, whereas 8 to 16 inconsistentTATA-boxes were observed. In addition, three special elements (E2Fb, Sp1, and boxS) were only observed in wild barley,while one (AT1-motif) was only found in landrace/cultivated barley. Forty-four deduced amino acid sequences of HINAfrom wild and landrace/cultivated barleys were obtained by deleting repetitive amino acid sequences, and they wereclustered into two groups on the basis of Neighbor-Joining analysis. However, there was no obvious difference in theamino acid sequences of HINA between wild and landrace/cultivated barleys. Comparing to protein secondary structureof wheat PINA, it was indicated that HINA also existed a signal peptide. In addition, HINA was a hydrophilic protein onthe basis of the protein properties and composition.