坡耕地氮素流失是农业面源污染的重要原因之一，严重影响着水环境。本研究以顺坡垄作、横坡垄作坡面为研究对象，通过两年(2017-2018年)野外定外观测，开展玉米生长期黄壤坡耕地地表径流、壤中流及其氮素流失特征。研究结果表明：随着降雨量的增加，地表径流量和壤中流量也随之增加。顺坡垄作的地表径流量和氮素流失量均显著高于横坡垄作；横坡垄作0 -20 cm和20 -40 cm壤中流量和氮素流失量均显著高于顺坡垄作。地表径流的总氮流失量占径流总氮流失的54.95 -81.25%，因此，我们推断地表径流是研究区氮素流失的主要途径。不同耕作措施下可溶性总氮是氮素流失的主要形式，其流失量占氮素流失量的55.82-94.41%，而可溶性有机氮占可溶性总氮流失量的52.81-87.06%。因此，我们推断可溶性氮为研究区氮素流失的主要形式。应在玉米苗期，进一步开展氮素流失防控方面研究，以减少通过径流途径铵态氮流失造成的环境污染。

在东北地区，鳞翅目害虫二化螟严重影响水稻产量和品质。本研究利用农杆菌介导法，将Bt抗虫基因cry1C导入到东北粳稻品种吉粳88。利用分子检测和抗Basta发芽试验，从126个转cry1C基因独立转化体中筛选出16个单拷贝纯合转基因株系。通过对cry1C蛋白水平、抗虫性和农艺性状的评价，最终获得4个高抗二化螟且产量高于非转基因对照品种的cry1C转基因株系，JL16、JL23、JL41和JL42。T-DNA侧翼序列分析结果表明，在转基因株系JL42中cry1C基因插入到第11号染色体基因间区，可推测未发生位置效应。本研究培育出4个抗二化螟转基因粳稻品系，为水稻抗虫育种提供了理论基础与新种质资源。

A synthetic cry2A* gene encoding Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) δ-endotoxin that resistance to lepidopteran pest was transformed into japonica rice variety Jijing 88, which is the most widely cultivated variety in Jilin Province, Northeast China, by Agrobacterium-mediated transformation. A total of 106 independent transformants overexpressing cry2A* gene driven by ubiquitin (Ubi) promoter was produced. Three single-copy homozygous transgenic lines were finally selected based on the results of PCR analysis, segregation ratio of Basta resistance, and Southern hybridization analyses. RT-PCR and enzyme linked immune sorbent assay (ELISA) revealed that cry2A* transcripts and protein were highly expressed in these lines. The high level of Cry2A* protein expression resulted in high resistance to rice striped stem borer as evidenced by insect feeding bioassays. Our results demonstrate that cry2A* transgenic japonica rice confers resistance to the rice striped stem borer in the laboratory conditions.