植物细胞具有全能性，在合适的培养条件下，已分化的植物细胞可以通过脱分化和再分化过程产生新的植物组织和器官。在这一过程中，生长素促进细胞生长与分裂，诱导愈伤组织的形成；细胞分裂素促进细胞的分裂并诱导不定芽的形成。硝酸盐不仅是植物生长发育必需的营养元素，还作为信号分子激活一系列基因的表达，进而影响植物生长发育。植物体内的硝酸盐信号通路还能够调控影响生长素的生物合成和运输，调控植物侧根的生长发育。MdNLP7是硝酸盐响应的主要调节因子，参与了植物体内硝酸盐的吸收和转运。在本研究中，将MdNLP7转录因子在拟南芥中异位表达，发现MdNLP7蛋白可以调控根外植体的再生；进一步的研究结果表明，MdNLP7介导了中柱鞘细胞分裂的起始。在愈伤组织形成的过程中，MdNLP7可以上调生长素合成和转运相关基因的表达，并通过影响生长素的分布来实现对根外植体形成的调控过程，进而调控硝酸盐介导的根外植体再生。

本研究以矮化梨品种‘601D’及其突变体‘601T’为材料，研究比较了它们的生物学特性，并进一步探讨了601D的矮化机理。生物学特性表明，601D的节间短，树体短而紧凑，叶片厚而宽，气孔密度低，气孔（直径）大，光合能力强。601T的生物学特性表现出显著的差异。内源激素检测结果表明，601D的脱落酸（ABA）、ABA葡萄糖酯和GA4含量较高，而反式玉米素含量较低。通过转录组学分析，发现ABA的生物合成和代谢途径存在显著差异。相关转录因子如bHLH、WRKY和Homeobox等也参与了植物矮化的调控。因此，我们研究了三种与601T有明显差异的激素，发现只有ABA可以诱导601T恢复矮化植株表型。因此，我们认为601D的矮化是由于ABA的过度积累所致。本研究为矮化品种的选育提供了新的理论依据。

The scarab beetle, Anomala corpulenta Motschulsky (Coleoptera: Scarabaeoidea), is a widespread and destructive pest in China. Vision is one of the most important means of acquiring information about the external environment. In order to contribute to the understanding of the perception of visual stimuli in this species, the light sensitivity and spectral responses of the scarab beetle, A. corpulenta, were measured by using an electroretinogram (ERG) technique. In total, 14 monochromatic light intensities, between 340 and 605 nm, were applied to the compound eyes of A. corpulenta under varying levels of adaptation to dark and light conditions. The results showed that all light stimuli induced an ERG response, with varied amplitudes. The spectral sensitivity curve of dark-adapted eyes showed one major peak (~400 nm; near-ultraviolet), a secondary peak (from 498 to 562 nm; yellow-green) and the third peakat 460 nm. By contrast, in light-adapted eyes, only a near-UV peak was observed. From these results, we conclude that the compound eye of A. corpulenta is likely to have at least three spectral types of photoreceptor. Significance of differences were also recorded in the responses of male and female compound eyes, as well as diurnally and nocturnally. The amplitude of ERG in response to white-light stimuli varied with the light intensity: The stronger the luminance, the higher the ERG value. This suggests that the compound eye of A. corpulenta adapts quickly to changing light conditions, enabling A. corpulenta to maintain nocturnal activities.

In order to establish double antibody sandwich enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (DAS-ELISA) for detection of duck or goose flavivirus, polyclonal antibody against the flavivirus strain JS804 in geese and monoclonal antibody against the E protein of flavivirus strain JS804 in geese were used as the capture antibody and detection antibody, respectively. The optimal dilution of the capture antibody and detecting antibody capable of detecting the flavivirus strain JS804 in geese were 1:3 200 and 1:160 in the check-board titration, respectively. The reaction time of sample was 1 h, and the optimal working dilution of HRP-labeled goat-anti-mouse IgG was 1:10 000. The positive standard value was 0.247 (OD450 nm). The geese flavivirus could be detected at a minimal concentration of 1.875 μg mL-1. The ELISA had no cross-reaction with Newcastle disease virus (NDV), Avian influenza virus (AIV), Infectious bronchitis virus (IBV), Infectious bursal disease virus (IBDV), Duck hepatitis virus (DHV), and Gosling plague virus (GPV). Twenty clinical samples were detected by the DAS-ELISA and RT-PCR respectively, with the agreement rate of 75%. The results revealed that the DAS-ELISA possessed favorable specificity and higher sensitivity, indicating a suitable method for rapid detection of the duck or goose flavivirus.