本研究在前期已发掘短片段InDels和SNPs基础上，基于全基因组重测序分析在一个重组自交系群体的两个亲本中品03-5373（ZP）和中黄13（ZH）之间检测到不均匀分布在大豆20条染色体上的13573个长片段InDels，其中，Chr11上最少，有321个，Chr18上最多，有1246个。长片段InDels在染色体两臂的平均密度显著高于着丝粒区，与大豆基因组注释基因的分布模式一致。位于基因区的长片段InDels有2704个，占总数目的19.9%，其中319个为可导致蛋白质序列截短或延长的大效应InDels。重点对前期鉴定的株高相关QTL（qPH16）进行分析，共鉴定到35个长片段InDels，并将其开发成InDel标记，其中26个InDel标记（74.3%）在ZP和ZH之间表现出明显的多态性。利用开发的标记结合已有的4个SNPs标记对由ZP和ZH衍生的242个重组自交系进行基因型鉴定和QTL定位，将qPH16的定位区间从原来的960 kb缩小到477.55 kb，包含65个注释基因。在SNPs和短片段InDels开发基础上，进一步开发长片段InDels，可为大豆重要农艺性状的遗传分析和分子辅助选择育种提供更加全面的遗传变异信息。

叶片是植物的主要光合器官，对作物品种的产量起着重要作用。鉴定导致叶片表型变异的致病突变和候选基因是大豆籽粒增产的重要育种目标。以大豆品种中品661为背景，研究了EMS诱导的具有异常皱叶表型的大豆突变体DWARFCRINKLEDLEAF1 (DCL1)。为了研究与皱叶性状相关的基因组位点，我们从Zp661和DCL1的杂交中构建了F2分离群体。采用整体分离分析(bulk separation analysis, BSA)结合全基因组重测序方法，通过欧氏距离(Euclidean distance, ED)关联算法检测出12个总长度为20.32 Mb的候选基因组区域与目标性状连锁。测序结果显示，Glyma.19G207100基因第1外显子存在一个单核苷酸突变(C:G>T: A)。基于该SNP衍生的CAPS标记对候选基因进行了验证，结果表明亲本之间存在核苷酸多态性。因此，我们的研究结果表明Glyma.19G207100(命名为GLYCINE MAX DWARF CRINKLED LEAF 1, GmDCL1)是一个可能参与大豆突变体DCL1皱叶性状形态发生的候选基因。本研究为该基因的功能验证提供了基础，并为大豆增产育种提供了前景。

为筛选大豆香味种质，建立大豆叶片中香味特征化合物2-乙酰基-1-吡咯啉（2-acetyl-l-Pyrroline，2AP）的鉴定方法。本研究通过单因素及三因素四水平（L9 (34)的正交试验，以峰形、总峰面积及检测样品时间为考察指标，建立了利用气质联用仪（GC-MS）快速检测香味的方法，明确了仪器运行最佳参数包括：柱温70℃，进样口温度180℃，以及样品最优萃取时间条件（酒精含量1ml、NaCl含量0.1g，超声时间10min，萃取时间为1h）。该检测方法重复性好、简单快速、样本试剂消耗少，可精准快速测定2AP含量。利用该方法对不同地理来源的101个大豆基因型进行了分析筛选。结果表明， 2-AP平均含量为0.29ppm，变幅为0.094ppm到1.816ppm，遗传多样性指数为0.54。可被划分为3个等级，其中，1级香型大豆有7份，包括中龙608、黑农88、哈13-2958、红面豆、黑农82、黄毛豆、吉育21。本研究建立的方法及筛选的优异种质为大豆香味育种和基因发掘提供了技术和材料支撑。

    The growth periods (GPs, from planting/emergence to reproductive stage 8 (R8) of soybean cultivars vary in different ecological regions, especially in China with a very complex soybean cropping system. In this study, a 3-yr experimental study was undertaken in three geographical locations of China from 2008 to 2010, including the Northeast (40.66–45.85°N), Huang-Huai (34.75–38.04°N) and southern (22.82–30.60°N) eco-regions with about 250 accessions in each region to clarify the classification of maturity group (MG) and identify the cultivars with stable GP to increase the knowledge about the GP distribution of soybean cultivars in China. GPs of soybean cultivars in different eco-regions were significant different with a gradual decrease from 115–125 d in the Northeast part to the 85–100 d in the southern part of China. The geographical location was the major factor for GP of cultivars from the Northeast, while the year of planting was the major factor affecting the stability of GPs in Huang-Huai summer and southern summer soybean. AMMI2 (additive main effects and multiplicative interaction)-Biplot analysis showed that the GPs of soybean cultivars from the Northeast eco-region have a comparatively satisfactory environmental stability. Moreover, soybean cultivars with moderate GP/MG and stable environment adaptability in different eco-regions were identified based on the linear regression and AMMI analysis, which was important for the accurate classification of soybean MGs in future. Taken together, our results reflected the genetic diversity, geographical distribution and environmental stability of the Chinese soybean GP trait. Soybean cultivars with stable GP for various Chinese eco-regions would be beneficial for Chinese soybean genetic improvement, varietal introduction, exchange, and soybean breeding program for wide adaptability.

Soybean seed storage protein is one of the most important plant vegetable proteins, and β subunit is of great significance to enhance soybean protein quality and processing property. F2 segregated population and residual heterozygous lines (RHL) derived from the cross between Yangyandou (low level of β subunit) and Zhonghuang 13 (normal level of β subunit) were used for mapping of β subunit content. Our results showed that β subunit content was controlled by a single dominant locus, qBSC-1 (β subunit content), which was mapped to a region of 11.9 cM on chromosome 20 in F2 population of 85 individuals. This region was narrowed down to 2.5 cM between BARCSOYSSR_20_0997 and BARCSOYSSR_20_0910 in RHL with a larger population size of 246 individuals. There were 48 predicted genes within qBSC-1 region based on the reference genome (Glyma 1.0, Williams 82), including the two copies of β subunit coding gene CG4. An InDel marker developed from a thymine (TT) insertion in one copy of CG4 promoter region in Yangyandou cosegregrated with BARCSOYSSR_20_0975 within qBSC-1 region, suggesting that this InDel marker maybe useful for marker-assisted selection (MAS).