Following rapid social and economic development over the past several decades, soil pollution by heavy metals (HMs) has been both serious and widespread in China.  The Soil Environmental Quality Standards (SEQSs) in China (GB 15618-1995) have been introduced to encourage and enforce sustainable soil HM management.  However, in recent years, HM contents in soils have frequently been found to exceed their associated standard values, while the crops growing on them might still meet regulatory standards, and vice versa.  There is thus growing awareness that GB 15618-1995 does not effectively regulate current soil HM pollution, as it has encountered bottlenecks, and disappointing outcomes caused by poor execution along with deficiencies and gaps in the policies.  However, due to the deficiency of scientific research about relationships between soil HM concentrations and their ecological or human health effects, the development of SEQSs in China is still greatly restricted.  This paper discusses international SEQSs of HMs as well their development in China over time, then examines current Chinese SEQSs to demonstrate their potential regulatory deficiencies by referring to international SEQSs.  The corresponding legislative policies are described, and scientific information or responses are outlined for maintaining soil environmental quality.  China’s experience has shown that policy and science can be linked to work in tandem to better understand and manage soil quality issues.

Protein phosphorylation is an important post-translational modification that regulates milk protein structure and function. The objective of this study was to analyze the presence of phosphorylated casein. Bovine milk proteins were first separated by SDS polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. After in gels digestion and extraction, phosphorylated peptides were enriched by titanium dioxide and identified by ultra performance liquid chromatography coupled with nano electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometry. This method ensured the identification of 20 phosphorylated peptides, including 7 phosphorylated forms of αs1-casein, 8 αs2-casein, and 5 β-casein. Eight phosphorylated sites derived from 3 αs1-caseins, 3 αs2-caseins, and 2 β-caseins were also identified, and localized on residues Ser61, Ser63 and Ser130 in αs1-casein; Thr145, Ser146 and Ser158 in αs2-casein; and Ser50 and Thr56 in β-casein. These findings provide valuable information for investigating casein phosphorylation of the bovine milk.