骨干亲本在改良小麦产量和品质利用方面发挥重要作用。研究骨干亲本中某些有益性状的遗传基础将为分子育种提供理论参考。科农9204是具有理想株型、产量潜力高、氮肥利用率高的候选骨干亲本。为了更好地了解其高产潜力的遗传基础，我们对KN9204和它的亲本及其衍生品系进行了高通量全基因组重测序（10×）。通过鉴定双亲本定位群体中优良的产量相关数量性状位点（QTL），构建了KN9204的高分辨率遗传组成图谱，显示了有利基因组片段的亲本来源。小偃693是小麦-偃麦草部分双二倍体，对KN9204的高产潜力贡献很大。本研究对来源于小偃693的4个主要稳定QTL进行了精细定位，并阐述了KN9204关键基因组片段在其衍生品系中的的传递，表明含有有益基因组合的单倍型块和育种者的定向选择都是保守的，选择育种在本研究中被证实。本研究为利用分子设计方法育种高产小麦品种提供了理论参考。

Cold stress responses help insects to survive under low temperatures that would be lethal otherwise. This phenomenon might contribute to the invasion of some Bemisia tabaci cryptic species from subtropical areas to temperate regions. However, the molecular mechanisms regulating cold stress responses in whitefly are yet unclear. Mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs) which including p38, ERK, and JNK, are well known for their roles in regulating metabolic responses to cold stress in many insects. In this study, we explored the possible roles of the MAPKs in response to low temperature stresses in the Mediterranean cryptic species (the Q-biotype) of the B. tabaci species complex. First, we cloned the p38 and ERK genes from the whitefly cDNA library. Next, we analyzed the activation of MAPKs during cold stress in the Mediterranean cryptic species by immuno-blotting. After cold stress, the level of phospho-p38 increased but no significant change was observed in the phosphorylation of ERK and JNK, thus suggesting that the p38 might be responsible for the defense response to low temperature stress. Furthermore, we demonstrated that: i) 3 min chilling at 0°C was sufficient for the activation of p38 MAPK pathway in this whitefly; and ii) the amount of phosphorylated p38 increased significantly in the first 20 min of chilling, reversed by 60 min, and then returned to the original level by 120 min. Taken together, our results suggest that the p38 pathway is important during response to low temperature stress in the Mediterranean cryptic species of the B. tabaci species complex.